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DENTAL  LAWS 

CONDENSED 

A  BRIEF  GUIDE 

TO 

The  Requirements  of   Dental  Examiners  from  Appli- 
cants for  a  License  to  Practice  Dentistry  in 
the  United  States  of  America  and 
Island  Possessions,  Canada 
and  the  Provinces, 

ALSO 

The  Leading  Civilized  Countries  Throughout  the  World 


Bp  Alphonso  Irwin,  D.  D.  S. 

CAMDEN.  N.  J. 

Member  the  American  Medical  Association,  the  National  Dental   Association, 
the  New  Jersey  State  Dental  Society,    Southern    Dental  Society  of 
N.  J.,  the  National  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  and 
the  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Registra- 
tion and  Examination  in 
[Dentistry 


1912 


All  rights  reserved. 
Copyright  *$apti«Mbr: 


C.   S.   Magrath.  Printer, 
Camden,  N.  J. 


INDEX. 


PART  I. 

UNITED  STATES. 

Title  Page l 

Introduction 7 


Asheville   Resolution    n 

Boards    Which    Exchange    Li- 
censes        12 

Boards    Which    Do     Not    Ex- 
change       12 

Non-Graduates  Examined    ....  12 

Non-Graduates   Not   Examined  12 

Reciprocal   Interchange    11 

Alabama 13 

Arizona 13 

Arkansas 14 

California 14 

G  il(  >rado 14 

Connecticut 15 

Delaware 15 

District    of    Columbia 16 

Florida 16 

Georgia 17 

Idaho 17 

Illinois 17 

Indiana 18 

Iowa 18 

Kansas 19 

Kentucky 19 

Louisiana 20 

Maine 20 

Maryland 21 


Massachusetts 22 

Michigan 22 

Minnesota 22 

M  ississippi 23 

Missouri 24 

Montana 24 

Nebraska 25 

Nevada 26 

New  Hampshire 27 

New  Jersey 27 

New   Mexico 29 

New   York 30 

N<  >rth  Carolina 31 

Xorth  Dakota 31 

Ohio 32 

Oklahoma 33 

Oregon 33 

Pennsylvania 35 

Rhode  Island 35 

South  Carolina 3° 

South   Dakota 36 

Tennessee 36 

Texas 36 

Utah 37 

Vermont 38 

Virginia   38 

Washington 38 

West  Virginia 40 

Wisconsin 40 

Wyoming 40 


U.    S.    Territorial    Possessions. 


Alaska 41 

Hawaii 41 


Philippines 42 

Porto  Rico 43 


DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 


PART  II. 
DOMINION  OF  CANADA. 


Dominion  Dental  Council 46 

Alberta 47 

British  Columbia 47 

Manitoba 48 

New  Brunswick 49 

Newfoundland So 


Nova  Scotia 51 

Ontario 52 

Prince    Edward   Island 53 

Quebec 54 

Saskatchewan 56 

Yukon  Territory 57 


PART  III. 
FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Abyssinia 61 

Africa.  South 99 

Algeria 61 

Arabia 61 

Argentine  Republic 62 

Australia 62 

Austria 63 

Azores 63 

Barbadoes 64 

Belgium 64 

Bermuda 64 

Bolivia 65 

Brazil 66 

British    E.    Africa 66 

British   Guiana 66 

British   N.   Borneo 67 

Bulgaria 67 

Canary  Islands 67 

Cape  Colony ■ 67 

Ceylon 70 

Chile 70 

China 71 

Colombia 71 

Congo    Free   State 71 

Corea,   see   Korea 88 

Costa  Rica 71 

Cuba 72 

Denmark 72 

Dominican  Republic 72 

Ecuador 73 

Egypt 74 

England 74,  80 

Formosa  ...  74 

France 75 


Germany 77 

Great   Britian   80 

Greece 82 

Guatemala 83 

Hayti 83 

Holland 83 

Honduras 83 

Hungary 83 

India 84 

Ireland 84 

Italy 84 

Jamaica 84 

Japan 86 

Java 88 

Kongo,    see    Congo 71 

Korea 88 

Liberia 88 

Madagascar 88 

Malta   88 

Manchuria 89 

Mexico 89 

M  orocco 90 

New    Providence    Island 90 

New  Zealand 90 

Norway 91 

Panama 92 

Paraguay 92 

Persia 92 

Peru 92 

Philippines 93 

Portugal 93 

Prussia 94 

Roumania 94 

Russia 95 


DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 


Salvador 96 

Saxony 96 

Scotland 96 

Servia 98 

Siam 99 

Siberia 99 

South  Africa 99 

Spain 99 

Straits  Settlements 100 

Sweden 100 


Switzerland 100 

Syria 101 

Transvaal 102 

Tunisia 102 

Turkey 102 

Uruguay 103 

Venezuela 103 

Victoria    (Australia)    62 

Zanzibar 103 


APPENDIX. 
AMENDED  LAWS. 


Alabama 107 

Kentucky m 

Minnesota 117 

New  Jersey 120 


Wew  York 127 

North  Carolina 136 

Virginia l4l 

Wisconsin *45 


INTRODUCTORY. 

A  most  urgent  need  amongst  the  dental  profession  is  a  brief 
statement  of  the  requirements  exacted  by  the  various  States  and 
foreign  governments  for  permission  to  practise  dentistry.  This 
need  is  not  limited  to  the  nearly-three-thousand  dental  students 
that  the  colleges  graduate  on  an  average  each  year  in  the  United 
States  of  America,  but  it  is  also  felt  by  the  colleges  themselves, 
the  dental  examining  boards,  and  general  practitioners  (among 
whom  changes  of  location  are  occurring  frequently).  College 
faculties  have  repeatedly  applied  to  us  for  such  information,  also 
members  of  examining  boards,  as  well  as  the  applicants  for  a 
license  to  practise  dentistry  in  this,  or  some  other,  country. 

We  therefore  attempt  to  supply  this  need  in  form  of  a  Guide, 
publishing  only  the  briefest  statements  requisite  to  give  the 
required  information,  quoting  excerpts  from  laws  when  that 
appears  to  be  sufficient,  and  publishing  the  law  in  full  in  certain 
cases,  where  it  has  been  recently  enacted,  or  for  some  special 
reason.  It  would  make  an  unwieldly  volume  were  all  the  laws 
printed  in  full  (the  law  of  Great  Britain  alone  covering  thirty- 
two  pages),  so  only  the  practical  points  are  extracted  and  con- 
cisely stated. 

We  do  not  claim  that  the  information  contained  herein  is 
complete,  or  perfect,  according  to  everyone's  ideas  on  the  subject, 
but  we  do  claim  that  this  is  the  first  attempt  to  present  legal 
dental  requirements  throughout  the  world  in  a  systematic  man- 
ner, and  the  information  obtained  is  from  official  sources  of  the 
most  reliable  character,  and  of  recent  date. 

<  Alphonso  Irwin,  D.D.S. 

425  Cooper  street,  Camden,  N.  J. 


POSSIBLE  EXAMINATION-EXEMPTIONS. 

The  question  is  sometimes  asked,  even  by  a  graduate  from 
a  dental  college :  "Where  can  I  practise  without  being  obliged  to 
undergo  an  examination  before  a  Board  of  Dental  Examiners?" 
In  reply  I  would  answer :  "In  any  of  the  countries  included  in  the 
following  list,  with  the  exceptions  noted." 

The  list  of  so-called  examination-exempt  governments  for 
reputable  college  graduates  includes : 


Alaska, 
'Arkansas, 

Arabia, 

Barbadoes, 
2Bermuda, 
2British  E.  Africa, 

British  N.  Borneo, 


3Ceylon, 

China, 
^Germanys, 
^India, 

Liberia, 
2Malta3, 
^Mexico, 


Morocco, 

Palestine, 

Persia, 

Siam, 

Straits  Settlements, 

Syria, 

Zanzibar. 


It  must  not  be  inferred  from  this  list  that  a  dentist  can  step 
right  into  one  of  these  countries  and  practise,  but  that  the  author- 
ities may  (at  their  own  discretion)  waive  the  examination,  and 
register  the  applicant.  The  countries  not  marked  by  a  sign  are 
open  to  dentists;  the  countries  marked  by  a  sign  are  open  with 
reservations,  as  explained  by  the  foot-notes. 


iThe  Board  of  Examiners  may  require  an  examination.  Registration 
required. 

2The  Board  of  Examiners  may  require  an  examination.  Diplomas 
from  British  Colleges  are  usually  registered. 

3Diplomas  accepted  from  colleges  recognized  by  the  National  Associ- 
ation of  Dental  Faculties  of  the  United  States. 

4Trade  tax. 

sThe  use  of  the  title  Amerikanischer  Zahnarzt,  or  American  Dental 
Surgeon,  is  prohibited  in  Germany  by  several  decrees  of  the  Supreme 
Court. 


PART  I. 


The  Requirements  of  Dental  Examiners  from  Applicants  for  a 

License  to  Practise  Dentistry  in  the  United  States 

of  America  and  Island  Possessions. 


RECIPROCAL   INTERCHANGE  OF  LICENSE. 


Connecticut  is  permitted  by  law  to  exchange,  but  no  inter 
changes  have  yet  been  reported. 

Delaware  is  now  permitted  to  exchange. 

District   of   Columbia   exchanges   with    New   Jersey. 

Idaho  exchanges  with  Montana  and  Utah. 

Indiana  exchanges  with  New  Jersey,  Michigan,  Minnesota, 
Iowa   and   Nebraska. 

Iowa  reports  exchange  with  Vermont,  New  Jersey,  Districl 
of  Columbia,  Indiana.  Ohio,  Michigan.  Minnesota,  Nebraska, 
Kansas.   Illinois,  Oklahoma,   Tennessee  and  Wisconsin. 

Kansas  exchanges  with  New  Jersey,  District  of  Columbia, 
Ohio,  Tennessee,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Minnesota, 
Nebraska,  Wisconsin. 

Michigan  exchanges  with  New  Jersey,  Iowa,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Wisconsin,  Montana,  Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  Minnesota,  Kansas. 
Nebraska. 

Maryland  does  not  exchange,  but  exercises  its  personal  judg 
ment  in  accepting  licenses  of  other  State  Boards  for  registration. 

Montana  exchanges  with  Michigan.  Indiana.  Minnesota, 
New  Jersey,   Nebraska  and  Idaho. 

Minnesota  exchanges  with  Iowa,  Indiana,  Nebraska,  Michi- 
gan, Montana,  Ohio,  Illinois,  Wisconsin. 

New  Jersey  exchanges  with  Utah,  Tennessee,  Indiana.  Michi- 
gan, Vermont,  District  of  Columbia. 

(  )klahoma  cancels  interchange. 

Pennsylvania   exchanges    with    Michigan. 

Tennessee  exchanges  with  New  Jersey,  Iowa,  Nebraska, 
(  )hio,   Kansas. 

I   tab   exchanges   with    New   Jersey   and    blaho. 

Vermont    exchanges    with    New    Terse)'. 

Wisconsin  exercises  personal  judgment  in  accepting  licenses 
from  other  State   Boards  for  registration. 

Asheville  Resolution. 

"Resolved,  That  an   interchange  of  license  to  practise  den 
tistry  be,  and  is  hereby  recommended  to  be  observed  by  the  vari 
qus  State  Boards  on  the  following  specific  conditions:    Any  den 
tist  who  has  been  in  active  practice  For  five  years  or  more,  is  a 
reputable  dentist,   is   a   person   of  good   moral   character  and   is 

i  i 


12  D  E  N  T  A  I,       I.  A  W  S      C  O  N  D  I-   N  S  E  D, 

desirous  of  making  a  change  of  residence,  may  apply  to  the  State 
Board  of  the  State  in  which  he  is  a  resident,  and  has  in  his  pos- 
session already  a  certificate,  for  a  new  certificate,  which  certifi- 
cate being  granted  may  be  deposited  with  the  Examining  Board 
of  the  State  in  which  he  proposes  to  reside,  and  the  State  Board 
in  lieu  thereof,  may  grant  him  a  certificate  allowing  him  to 
practise." 

Examining  Boards  Which  Exchange  Licenses.1 

Connecticut,  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Idaho,  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Iowa,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Montana,  Nebraska,  New- 
Jersey,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Vermont,  West 
Virginia,  Wisconsin. 

Examining  Boards  Which  do  not  Exchange  Licenses. 

Alabama,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  California,  Colorado,  Florida, 
Kentucky,-  Maine,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Missouri,  Missis- 
sippi. Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  New  Mexico,  North  Carolina, 
North  Dakota,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  South  Dakota, 
Texas,  Virginia,  Washington,  Wyoming. 

NOTE. — Tn  interchanging,  the  Boards  waive  the' theoretical  exam- 
ination only;    the  applicant  must  do  the  practical  work. 

Boards  Which  Examine  Non-Graduates. 

Alabama,  Arkansas,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Maine,  Massachusetts, 
Mississippi,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma, 
Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Texas,  Vermont. 

Boards  Which  do  not  Examine  Non-Graduates. 

California,  Connecticut,  Colorado,  Delaware,  District  of 
Columbia,  Florida,  Georgia,  Hawaii,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Missouri,  Minnesota, 
Montana.  Nebraska,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  New  Mexico,  North 
Carolina,  Oregon,  Ohio,  Philippine  Islands,  Pennsylvania,  South 
Carolina,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Wisconsin,  Washington,  Wyoming. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  over  two-thirds  of  the  State  Boards 
require  the  applicant  for  a  license  to  possess  a  dental  degree. 

'Nearly   half   the   State   Examining   Boards   interchange    licenses. 
^Kentucky   and    New    York   may   interchange   licenses. 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


Board    of    I  )ental    Examiners  :     I  'r< 
Alabama.  dent,   Dr.  J.  A.   Hall,  Collinsville,  exam- 

ines in  practical  prosthetic  dentistry  and 
metallurgy;  Secretary,  Dr.  \\  .  !•'..  Proctor,  Sheffield,  examines  in 
pathology,  histology  and  oral  hygiene;  I  Jr.  \Y.  J.  Reynolds, 
Selma,  examines  in  chemistry  and  materia  medica;  Dr.  R.  15. 
Chapman,  Troy,  examines  in  anatomy  and  physiology;  Dr.  Geo. 
S.  \  aim,  Gadsden,  examines  in  operative  dentistry,  oral  surgery 
and  i  irthodi  intia. 

The  Board  usually  meets  on  Monday  before  the  second  Tues- 
day in  May  in  the  city  of  Tuskaloosa,  Ala. 

Examination  with  diploma.     Fee,  $10. 

Theoretical  examination  in  all  the  branches  taught  in  rep- 
utable dental  schools.  Practical  work  in  operative  dentistry  and 
prosthetic  work.  Candidate  must  prepare  six-tooth  bridge,  using 
cuspids  with  Richmond  crowns  as  abutments;  teeth  to  be  set  up 
and  soldered  in  the  presence  of  one  or  more  members  of  the 
Board. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  \Y.  E. 
Proctor.  Sheffield,  Ala. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Arizona.  Dr.  John  A.  Lentz,  Phoenix;  Secretary, 

Dr.  W.  A.  Baker,  Tucson;  Dr.  J.  Harvey 
P.Iain.  Prescott;  Dr.  J.  D.  Holcombe,  Globe. 

They  examine  in  the  following  subjects:  Anatomy,  physi- 
ology, chemistry,  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  metallurgy,  his- 
tology,  pathology,  operative  and  mechanical  dentistry,  oral  sur- 
gery. They  also  require  demonstrations  of  applicant's  skill  in 
operative  and  mechanical  dentistry. 

Examinations  are  held  at  Phoenix  each  year.     Fee,  $25. 

Undergraduates  are  examined,  providing  he  or  she  shall  have 
graduated  from  a  High  School  or  similar  institution,  and  can 
furnish  to  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  an  affidavit  containing 
his  or  her  name,  the  name  of  his  or  her  preceptor,  and  the  name 
of  at  least  two  reputable  witnesses,  certified  to  before  a  notary 
public,  showing  that  he  or  she  has  completed  an  apprenticeship 
of  three  years  of  twelve  months  each  with  a  licensed  practitioner 
of  dentistry. 

13 


14  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

No  interchange  of  licenses. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary.  Dr.  W.  A. 
Baker.  Tucson,  Arizona. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 

Arkansas.  Charles  Bergstresser,  Eureka  Springs ;  E. 

Herbert  Johnson,  Secretary,  Pine  Bluff; 

R.  D.  Woodard,  Stuttgart ;  J.  E.  Andrews,  Harrison ;  Asher  G. 

Ragland,  Fort  Smith. 

All  applicants  must  pass  an  examination,  with  or  without 
diploma.  Applicants  must  attain  an  average  of  75  per  cent,  to 
pass. 

No  interchange  with  any  State. 

No  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

No  temporary  licenses  granted. 

Spring  meeting  of  the  Board  some  time  in  May. 

Examination  held  in  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  every  November. 

Examination  fee,  $15. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  E.  Her- 
bert Johnson,  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
California.  John  M.  Blodgett,  Lodi;  Secretary,  C.  A. 

Herrick,  San  Francisco ;  Treasurer,  J.  L. 
Pease,  Oakland;  C.  A.  Litton,  San  Francisco;  G.  M.  Crow,  Los 
Angeles ;  J.  W.  Neblett,  Riverside ;  H.  R.  Harbison,  San  Diego. 
Examination  required  with  or  without  diploma.     Fee,  $25. 
No  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 
Examination  at  Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco  in  June,  and 
at  San  Francisco  in  December.    Three  examinations  yearly. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  C.  A.  Pler- 
rick,  133  Geary  street,  San  Francisco. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Colorado.  Dr.  F.  H.  Sutherland,  701  Symes  Build- 

ing, Denver,  examines  in  operative  den- 
tistry and  anesthetics;  Secretary,  Dr.  Mallory  Catlctt,  Denver, 
examines  in  anatomy,  physiology,  histology  and  bacteriology; 
Treasurer,  Dr.  B.  Frank  Gray,  Denver,  examines  in  orthodontia 
and  oral  surgery;  Dr.  E.  O.  Hile,  Loveland,  examines  in  pathol- 
ogy and  materia  medica;  Dr.  C.  N.  Guyer,  Denver,  examines  in 
prosthetic  dentistry  and  chemistry. 

The  State  Board  meetings  are  held  the  first  Tuesday  in  June 
and  December. 


\  1  A  [,     I,  A  WS     COND  i;  N  -  E  D.  15 

All  applicants  must  be  graduates  of  a  reputable  dental  col- 
lege. Examinations  arc  held  upoiwilj  subjects  taught  in  any 
reputable  dental  college.     Pee,  $T©. A5-0* 

X.i  interchange  of  license  with  any  State,  but  in  the  case  of 
all  applicants  an  examination  in  full,  both  theoretical  and  prac- 
tical, is  required. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  Mallory- 
CulkU,  jiOCinpiiL  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Connecticut.  Howard   C.    Provost,   Winsted,  examines 

in  chemistry,  metallurgy  and  oral  sur- 
gery;  Recorder.  D.  Kveritt  Taylor.  Willimantic,  examines  in  pros- 
thetic dentistry,  crown  and  bridge  work  and  anesthesia;  Edward 
Eberle,  Hartford,  examines  in  dental  and  oral  pathology,  thera- 
peutics and  materia  medica ;  Albert  W.  Crosby,  New  London, 
examines  in  operative  dentistry,  orthodontia,  oral  hygiene  and 
dental  prophylaxis;  William  H.  Metcalf,  New  Haven,  examines 
in  anatomy,  physiology  and  histology. 

Applicant  for  license  must  have  diploma,  or  five  years'  in- 
struction from  a  licensed  dentist,  or  three  years'  practice  as  a 
legally  ejualified  dentist. 

Examinations  are  held  in  June  and  November.     Fee,  $25. 

A  special  clause  permits  reciprocal  interchange  of  licenses 
in  accordance  with  the  Asheville  resolution,  but  as  yet  the  Board 
has  not  granted  it,  it  being  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  com- 
mission. 

Term  of  office  of  dental  examiners  has  been  changed  to  five 
years.  Hereafter,  one  member  to  be  appointed  each  year  for 
that  term. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  recorder,  Dr.  D.  Everitt 
Taylor,  Willimantic,  Conn. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Delaware.  Dr.  S.  H.  Johns,   10th  and  Washington 

streets,  Wilmington,  examines  in  ortho- 
dontia and  mechanical  dentistry;  Secretary,  Dr.  C.  R.  Jefferis, 
1016  Delaware  avenue,  Wilmington,  examines  in  operative  den- 
tistry ;  Treasurer,  Dr.  C.  J.  Kinkead,  828  Washington  street.  Wil- 
mington, examines  in  chemistry  and  materia  medica;  Dr.  C.  M. 
Hollis  examines  in  anatomy  and  surgery;  Dr.  R.  F.  Corley 
examines  in  pathology  and  therapeutics. 

Requirements  :  A  written  notice  of  desire  to  take  the  exam- 
ination at  least  two  weeks  before  date  of  examination.  Applica- 
tion must  be  accompanied  by  the  fee  of  S20.  The  insertion  of  one 
gold  filling  before  the  examiner  of  practical  operations,  the  can- 
didate furnishing  his  patient,  instruments  and  materials,  except 
an  engine,  which  will  be  supplied. 


l6  DENTAI,     L  A  W  S      CONDENSE  D. 

The  diploma  of  graduation  from  a  recognized  dental  college 
must  be  shown  together  with  a  late  photograph  of  the  candidate; 
also  an  affidavit  made  before  one  of  the  local  notaries  public  in 
the  presence  of  a  member  of  the  Board,  that  the  candidate  is  the 
person  named  in  the  diploma.  The  photograph  and  affidavit  are 
retained  by  the  Board. 

Any  candidate  failing  to  pass  the  Board  shall  not  be  eligible 
for  re-examination  before  the  date  of  the  next  regular  meeting, 
and  then  only  on  the  same  conditions  as  a  new  candidate,  in- 
cluding fees. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  C.  R. 
Jefferis,  1016  Delaware  avenue,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
District  of  Columbia.  Dr.  Starr  Parsons,  1309  L  street,  N. 
W.,  Washington,  examines  in  operative 
dentistry  and  physiology;  Secretary,  Dr.  Chas.  W.  Cuthbertson, 
309  Seventh  street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  examines  in  chemistry 
and  prosthetic  dentistry;  Dr.  W.  B.  Daly,  1340  North  York  ave- 
nue, N.  W.,  Washington,  examines  in  anatomy  and  materia 
medica  ;  Dr.  H.  Janney  Nichols  examines  in  oral  surgery  and  his- 
tology; Dr.  Paris  E.  Brengle  examines  in  bacteriology  and  path- 
ology. 

The  semi-annual  examinations  of  the  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners of  the  District  of  Columbia  will  be  held  at  the  George 
Washington  University  in  January  and  June.  All  applications 
for  examination  must  be  accompanied  by  a  fee  of  ten  (Sio)  dol- 
lars, and  filed  with  the  secretary  two  weeks  before  the  date  of 
examination. 

Requirements:  The  practical  examination  requirements  are 
filling  a  tooth  with  gold,  and  presenting  a  swaged  case  of  three 
or  more  teeth  (with  clasps),  this  to  be  invested  and  soldered  in 
presence  of  the  examiners;  Richmond  crown  is  also  required  to 
be  made  in  presence  of  the  examiners. 

Reciprocal  interchange  of  license  with  New  Jersey. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary.  Dr.  Chas.  W. 
Cuthbertson,  309  Seventh  street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Florida.  R.  P.  Taylor,  Jacksonville,  examines  in 

anatomy,  histology  and  oral  surgery  ; 
Secretary,  W.  G.  Mason,  Tampa,  examines  in  materia  medica, 
chemistry,  pathology  and  therapeutics;  J.  E.  Chace,  Ocala,  ex- 
amines in  operative  dentistry,  orthodontia  and  oral  hygiene;  C. 
F.  Kemp,  Key  West,  physiology  and  bacteriology;  Wilmer  S. 
Hall,  Pensacola,  examines  in  prosthetic  dentistry  and  metallurgy. 


DENTAL      LAWS     C  O  N  D  E  N  S  E  I '.  I  7 

Requirements:  Graduation  From  a  reputable  dental  school; 
musl  also  take  Board's  examination.     Pee,  $25. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 

A  meeting  of  the  Board  is  held  al  Jacksonville  in  May. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  I  >r.  \\  .  G. 
Mas<  "1,  Tampa,  Florida. 

Board  of  Examiners:   President,  Thos. 
Georgia.  Cole,  Newnan,  Ga.;  D.  I).  Atkinson, 

retary  and  Treasurer,  Brunswick,  Ga. ; 
S.  I).  Kami).),  Marietta.  Ga. ;  C.  Z.  McArthur,  Fort  Valley,  Ga.; 
P.  E.  Callahan,  McRae,  Ga. 

Requirements:  Applicants  must  present  diploma  from  a  rep- 
utable Dental  College.  Fee,  $10.  Examination  in  theory  and 
practice,  the  latter  includes  the  insertion  of  gold  fillings. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 

Licenses  may  be  revoked  For  cruelty,  incapacity,  unskilful- 
ness,  gross  neglect,  indecent  conduct,  professional  misbehaviour, 
unfitness  and  conviction  of  any  misdemeanor  in  any  court  in  this 
State. 

Licenses  must  be  registered  by  the  clerk  of  the  Superior 
Court  in  the  county  in  which  the  person  shall  practise. 

Meetings,  at  the  close  of  the  college  term,  and  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Georgia  State  Dental  Society. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  1).  D. 
Atkinson,  Brunswick,  Ga. 

Hoard  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Idaho.  E.  L.  Youngberg,  Coeur  d'Alene;  Secre- 

tary.  B.   P.   Brookfield,   Idaho   Falls:   J. 
Jessup,  Boise:  G.  Baker,  Twin  Falls;  II.  Kimball,  Salmon. 
Examination  required  with  or  without  diploma.     Fee,  S25. 
No  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

Examinations  in  January  and  June. 

The  Board  exchanges  licenses  with  Montana  and  Utah,  und 
tinder  reciprocity  agreement. 

further   information,   address    the    secretary.    Dr.    B.    F. 
Brookfield,  Idaho  Falls.  Idaho. 

Board  of  Mental  Examiners,  President, 
Illinois.  C.    P.    Pruyn,   92    State   street.    Chicago; 

Secretary,    T.    A.    Broadbent,    Chit 
Henry    L.    Whipple,    Quincy;    \V.    F.    Whalen,    Peoria;    T.    W. 
Pritchett,  Whitehall. 

Examination  required  with  or  without  diploma. 
Examination  fee,  $20.     License  fee,  $5. 


l8  D  E  N  T  A  h     L  A  W  S     CONDEFS  E  D. 

Examinations  twice  yearly,  usually  in  June  and  November. 

The  following-  preliminary  qualifications  shall  be  required  of 
candidates  to  entitle  them  to  examination  by  this  Board  for  a 
license  to  practice  dentistry  in  the  State  of  Illinois  :  Graduates 
of  a  reputable  dental  or  medical  school  or  college,  or  dental 
department  of  a  reputable  university,  who  enter  the  school  or 
college  as  freshmen  on  or  after  the  school  year  of  1906-7,  must 
have  a  minimum  preliminary  education  of  not  less  than  gradua- 
tion from  an  accredited  High  School,  or  a  certificate  from  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  equivalent  officer  or 
deputy,  acting  within  his  proper  or  legal  jurisdiction,  showing" 
that  the  applicant  had  an  education  equal  to  that  obtained  in  an 
accredited  High  School;  which  certificate  shall  be  accepted  in  lieu 
of  a  High  School  diploma. 

Reciprocity  agreements  with  the  following  States :  Indiana, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Michigan,  Nebraska,  Ohio  and  Wisconsin. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  T.  A. 
Broadbent,  705  Venetian  Building,  Chicago,  111. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Indiana.  Fred   S.  Anderson,  Richmond,   examines 

in  anatomy,  physiology,  histology  and 
oral  hygiene ;  Secretary,  F.  R.  Henshaw,  Indianapolis,  examines 
in  chemistry,  metallurgy  and  porcelain ;  Fred  J.  Prow,  Blooming- 
ton,  examines  in  operative  dentistry,  crown  and  bridge  work  and 
bacteriology;  J.  A.  Dinwiddie,  Lowell,  examines  in  oral  surgery, 
pathology  and  orthodontia;  F.  R.  McClanahan,  Rushville,  ex- 
amines in  dental  medicine,  anesthesia  and  prosthetic  dentistry. 

Regular  meetings  of  the  Board  are  held  in  the  State  House, 
Indianapolis,  on  the  second  Mondays  of  January  and  June,  con- 
tinuing for  four  days. 

Applicants  must  be  graduates  of  colleges  recognized  by  the 
National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties. 

No  temporary  permits  issued. 

Reciprocity  with  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Min- 
nesota, Iowa,  Nebraska,  Montana  and  Kansas.  Reciprocal  inter- 
change requiring  five  years'  ethical  practice  and  membership  in 
the  State  Society. 

For  further  particulars,  write  the  secretary,  Dr.  F.  R.  Hen- 
shaw, 507  Pythian  Building,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Iowa.  T.    F.    Cooke,    Burlington,    examines    in 

anatomy,  physiology  and  hygiene ;  Vice- 
President,  F.  H.  Rule,  Ackley,  examines  in  prosthetic  dentistry, 
bacteriology  and  histology;  Secretary,  J.  A.  West,  Des  Moines, 
examines  in  materia  medica,  anesthesia  and  jurisprudence;  G.  N. 
Beemer,  Mason  City,  examines  in  operative  dentistry,  oral  sur- 


D  E  N   I'  A  I,      UWS     C  0  N  D  i.  N  -  E  D.  19 

gery  and  orthodontia ;  Arthur  Solvsberg,  Sioux  City,  examim 
pathology,  therapeutics,  chemistry  and  metallurgy. 

Examinations  are  held  in  [owa  City  during  June,  and  in  I  >es 
M<  tines  during  I  >ecember. 

Practical  examination  in  operative  and  prosthetic  dentistry. 

Examination  required  with  diploma.    Fee,  $20. 

No  special  examination 'granted  to  practitioners. 

Interchange  of  license  with  New  Jersey,  Vermont,  Nebraska, 
Tennessee,  Indiana,  Minnesota,  Kansas,  District  of  Columbia, 
<  >hio,  Michigan,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  J.  A. 
West,  417  Utica  Building,  Des  Moines,  [owa. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Kansas.  O.  H.  Simpson,  Dodge  City;  Vice-Presi- 

dent, F.  O.  Hetrick,  Ottawa;  Secretary, 
G.  F.  Ambrose,  El  Dorado. 

Applicants  for  examination  should  present  to  the  Hoard, 
through  its  secretary,  at  least  five  clays  before  the  commencement 
of  the  examination,  a  written  application  on  a  form  furnished  by 
the  Board,  and  accompanied  by  the  fee  of  $25. 

The  applicant  must  be  twenty-one  years  old  and  furnish  a 
certificate  of  good  moral  character. 

The  examination  will  be  both  practical  and  theoretical,  cov- 
ering the  subjects  usually  presented  to  the  students  in  our  dental 
colleges.  Each  candidate  must  furnish  his  own  engine,  instru- 
ments and  material.  The  Board  will  furnish  chairs,  lathe,  vul- 
canizer  and  patients.  The  candidate  will  be  permitted  to  charge 
a  small  fee  for  clinical  work,  to  cover  cost  of  material  used. 

The  applicant  must  make  an  average  of  at  least  75  per  cent. 
to  obtain  a  license. 

The  law  makes  no  provision  U>v  temporary  permits  to 
pracl 

Kansas  has  reciprocal  agreements  with  New  Jersey,  District 
of  Columbia,  Ohio,  Tennessee,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Illinois.  Wis- 
consin, Minnesota  and  Nebraska. 

The  P)Oard  will  hold  its  next  meeting  in  Topeka,  Kansas,  in 
June. 

For  further  information,  write  the  secretary,  Dr.  G.  F.  Am- 
brose. El  Dorado,  Kansas. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  ;  President, 
Kentucky.  C.    W.    McGuiar,    Mumfordville;    Secre- 

tary, J.   H.   Paid  win.   Louisville  j  J.  W. 
Juett,  Eminence;  C.  R.  Shacklette.  Louisville. 

The  Poard  meets  for  the  examination  of  applicants  at  Louis- 
ville on  the  fiust  Tuesday  in  lune  and  December,  at  9  o'clock 
A.  M. 


20  D  K  N  T  A  I,      L  A  W  S      C  O  N  D  E  N  S  E  D. 

Applicants  must  be  graduates  of  reputable  dental  colleges, 
and  be  examined  in  the  following  subjects:  Anatomy,  physiology, 
materia  medica,  pathology,  histology,  operative  dentistry,  oral 
surgery,  chemistry,  metallurgy,  prosthetic  dentistry,  crown  and 
bridgework,  oral  hygiene  and  dental  prophylaxis.  Every  appli- 
cant shall  be  required  to  insert  two  gold  fillings  and  two  amalgam 
fillings.  Construct  one  bridge  on  a  model,  consisting  of  one  shell 
and  one  Richmond  crown,  and  two  porcelain-faced  dummies;  one 
gold  or  porcelain  inlay  or  Logan  crown  ;  all  to  be  done  before  the 
board.  A  general  average  of  75  per  cent,  is  required.  Applicants 
must  come  prepared  with  instruments,  engine  and  material, 
except  bellows,  blowpipe,  lathe,  stones  and  polishing  cones,  to  do 
the  above-mentioned  work.  The  board  would  advise  the  use  of 
gold  in  the  bridgework.  Application  for  examination  must  be 
made  upon  blanks  furnished  by  the  board,  accompanied  by  a  fee 
of  $20.  which  must  be  filed  with  the  secretary  ten  days  before  the 
date  of  examination. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  J.  H. 
Baldwin,  305  Broadway,  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 

Louisiana.  Wallace  Wood,  Jr.,  204  Camp  Building, 

New  Orleans ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 

V.  K.  Irion,  417  Macheca  Building,  New  Orleans;  E.  L.  Mitchell, 

Homer ;  C.  V.  Vignes,  Monroe ;  R.  L.  Zelinka,  Houma ;  J.  Sidney 

Couret,  New  Orleans. 

Requirements  :  All  applicants  must  be  graduates  and  stand 
examinations. 

Reciprocity:  "This  board  will  interchange  licenses  with  any 
board  which  has  the  same  requirements  of  graduation  and  exam- 
ination. Provided  that  such  applicant  shall  have  practised  five 
years  in  the  State  from  which  the  said  applicant  shall  come;  not 
having  failed  before  the  Louisiana  State  Board  of  Dentistry,  and 
declare  his  intention  of  actual  residence  in  Louisiana,  all  declared 
under  oath." 

Examination  :  All  board  meetings  are  held  at  New  Orleans; 
the  first  session  beginning  on  the  second  day  following  the  com- 
mencement of  the  New  Orleans  College  of  Dentistry;  and  the 
second  session  beginning  -on  the  Wednesday  following  the  third 
Monday  of  October  of  each  year. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  W.  K. 
Irion,  417  Macheca  Building,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  I 'resident, 
Maine.  Langdon   S.   Chilcott,   Bangor,   examines 

in    operative    dentistry    and    dental    sur- 
gery; Edmund   C.   Bryant,   Secretary  and  Treasurer,   Pittsfield, 


D  1C  N  T  A  I.      t,AWS     C  O  N  D  E  N  S  E  L).  _'  l 

examines  in  materia  medica,  therapeutics  and  bacteriology;  Will 
S.  Payson,  Castine,  examines  in  prosthetic  dentistry,  orthodontia 
ami  metallurgy;  Henry  Gilman,  Portland,  examines  in  anatomy, 
histolog)  ami  physiology;  Geo.  M.  Walling,  Machias,  examines 
in  chemistry  and  anesthesia. 

Meetings  of  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  of  the  Stat 
.Maine  are  held  annually  at  Augusta.  Bach  applicant  i^  required 
t"  bring  gold  foil  and  such  instruments  and  appliances  as  lie  may 
require  in  operating  on  the  teeth.  Each  applicant  must  also 
secure  his  patients  for  the  operations  in  advance,  and  each  will 
he  required  to  prepare  the  cavity  and  insert  in  the  month  at  least 
one  cohesive  and  one  non-cohesive  gold  filling,  the  former  to  he 
in  a  pn  iximal  cavity. 

Theoretical  examinations  will  he  in  writing,  and  all  answers 
must  he  written  in  ink. 

As  a  part  of  this  examination,  each  applicant  is  required  to 
bring  two  human  teeth  mounted  in  plaster  with  a  rout  between 
them,  and  to  have  cap  and  post  fitted  to  the  root,  and  a  facing 
fitted  and  hacked  for  the  same.  This  must  he  soldered  in  the 
presence  of  some  member  of  the  hoard. 

The  application  must  be  hied  and  the  fee  of  twenty  dollars 
must  lie  paid  before  examination. 

For  further  information  write  the  secretary,  Dr.  Edmund  C. 
Bryant,   Pittsfield,  Maine. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Maryland.  M.  G.  Sykes,  Ellicott  City,  examines  in 

chemistry  and  bacteriology;  Secretary.  F. 
F.  Drew,  Baltimore,  examines  in  pathology,  therapeutics  and 
materia  medica;  \Y.  \Y.  Dunhracco,  Baltimore,  examines  in 
operative  dentistry;  P.  E.  Sasscer,  Da  Plata,  examines  in  oral 
surgery;  11.  A.  Wilson,  Baltimore,  examines  in  anatomy  and 
physiology;  T.  B.  Moore,  Rising  Sun,  examines  in  mechanical 
dentistry. 

Two  examinations  are  held  annually,  one  in  May  and  the 
other  in  Ni  >vemher. 

No  special  examination  for  those  already  in  practice,  but 
those  who  have  been  in  ethical  practice  for  five  or  more  years 
will  he  allowed  a  credit  of  five  points  for  the  first  five  years  and 
one  additional  point  for  each  additional  year.  The  rule  is  to 
examine  all  graduates,  but  in  the  cases  of  practitioners  of  lone; 
practice  and  undoubted  standing,  the  board  may  register  without 
examination. 

No  interchange  of  license. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  F.  F. 
Drew,  701   Howard  street.  Raltimore,  Md. 


22  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

Members  of  Massachusetts  Board  :   Dr. 

Massachusetts.         John    F.    Dowsley,    175    Tremont    street, 

Boston,      President;      Dr.      G.      Everett 

Mitchell,    Haverhill,    Mass.,    Secretary;    Dr.    Geo.    A.    Maxfield, 

Holyoke,   Mass.;  Dr.  Thos.   J.   Barrett,  Worcester,   Mass.;   Dr. 

Wm.  W.  Marvell,  Fall  River,  Mass. 

Examinations  are  held  in  March,  June  and  October.  The 
dates  are  published  in  the  dental  journals  the  month  preceding 
the  examination. 

All  candidates  examined  must  be  of  good  moral  character, 
and  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

Fee,  $20,  first  examination  ;  second  examination  no  fee ;  third 
and  subsequent  examinations,  $5. 

Temporary  licenses  are  not  granted. 

No  interchange  of  certificates  with  other  States. 

Application  blanks  and  all  information  may  be  obtained  from 
the  secretary,  Dr.  G.  E.  Mitchell,  25  Merrimack  street,  Haver- 
hill, Mass. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Michigan.  A.    W.     Haidle,    Negaunee ;     Secretary- 

Treasurer,  F.  E.  Sharp,  Port  Huron  ;  F. 
L.  Haynes,  Manistee;  E.  A.  Honey,  Kalamazoo;  G.  F.  Burke, 
Stevens  Building,  Detroit. 

Examinations  required  with  diploma.     Fee,  $20. 

No  special  examinations  or  temporary  licenses  granted. 

Meetings  of  the  Michigan  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners 
for  the  examination  of  candidates  for  license  to  practise  dentistry 
in  Michigan  will  be  held  at  the  Dental  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor,  twice  a  year,  in  June  and 
N(  ivember. 

Applications  must  be  in  the  hands  of  the  secretary  at  least 
five  days  before  the  examination.  Application  blanks  and  rules 
governing  examinations  will  be  furnished  by  any  member  of  the 
board. 

Reciprocal  interchange  of  license  with  New  Jersey,  Iowa, 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Wisconsin,  Montana,  Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  Min- 
nesota, Kansas  and  Nebraska. 

For  further  information  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  F.  F. 
Sharp,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 

Minnesota.  Dr.  G.  O.  Orr,  Jordan;  Secretary,  Dr.  C. 

IT.    Robinson,    Wabasha;    Dr.     R.     W. 

Berthel,   Lowry    Building,  St.   Paul;   Dr.  F.   E.   Cobb,   Masonic 

Temple,  Minneapolis;  Dr.  W.  A.  Robertson,  Crookston ;  Dr.  F. 

W.  I 'rail,  Waseca. 


D  E  N  I  A  I-     I  A  W  S      C  0  N  D  E  N  -  i.  D.  23 

Requirements:  A  diploma  must  be  presented  from  a  dental 
college  in  good  standing,  or  candidate  must  furnish  the  required 
proofs  thai  the  applicant  lias  been  licensed  in  another  State  for 
five  years  or  more,  such  State  having  and  maintaining  a  standard 
equal  with  Minnesi >ta,  the  b< >ard  being  the  judge  i »i"  the  standards. 

All  applications  must  be  made  on  blanks  Furnished  by  the 
board,  and  must  be  in  the  hands  of  the  secretary  at  least  two 
weeks  previous  t"  the  examination.  A  fee  of  $20  must  accom- 
pany each  application,  and  is  in  no  case  returnable. 

Examinations  are  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  after  the  first 
Monday  in  .March  and  November.     A  special  meeting  is  usually 

held  111  June.  All  examinations  are  held  at  the  Dental  Depart- 
ment of  the  State  University  in  .Minneapolis. 

All  applicants  (except  those  who  have  been  in  legal  practice 
for  five  years  or  more  in  another  State  having  and  maintaining  a 
standard  equal  to  ours)  shall  he  given  a  written  examination  on 
the  following  subjects:  Anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry, materia 
medica,  therapeutics,  metallurgy,  pathology,  oral  surgery,  opera- 
tive dentistry,  orthodontia  and  prosthetic  dentistry. 

A  practical  examination  is  given  all  applicants,  consisting  of 
the  preparation  of  a  cavity  and  the  making  of  a  gold  filling;  the 
preparation  of  a  cavity  and  the  making  of  a  gold  inlay;  also  an 
amalgam  tilling;  the  preparation  of  the  root  and  making  of  a 
crown,  for  a  patient  supplied  by  the  board. 

All  instruments  and  materials  necessary  to  perform  the  re- 
quired operations,  except  foot  bellows,  must  be  brought  to  the 
examination  by  the  applicant.  All  operations  and  work  must 
he  performed  at  the  place  of  meeting. 

Interchange  of  licenses  with  Iowa.  Illinois,  Indiana.  Kansas, 
Nebraska,  .Montana.  .Michigan,  Ohio,  Wisconsin  and  District  of 
Columbia,  as  far  as  the  theoretical  examination  goes:  applicants 
must  do  the  practical  work.     Fee  for  reciprocity.  $50. 

Xo  temporary  licenses  granted. 

All  communication--  should  be  addressed  to  the  secretary, 
Dr.  C.  il.  Robinson,  Wabasha,  Minn. 

Hoard  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Mississippi.  I  )r.   G.   F.   Ilaynes.   Newton;    Dr.   (A    II. 

Chatman,  Columbia:  Dr.  C.  A.  Kay.  .Mer- 
idian: Dr.  Boyce  D.  Graham,  Clarksdale;  Dr.  Reuel  May.  Secre- 
tary, Jackson. 

The  hoard  meets  the  third  Tuesday  of  May  in  every  year  at 
the  State  capital,  Jackson,  to  examine  applicants. 

Excerpts  from  the  Dental  Law  of  Mississippi:  "Sect.  1527. 
Every  person  who  desires  to  practise  dentistry  must  obtain  a 
license  to  do  so,  as  hereinafter  provided.'" 


24  D  1:  N  T  A  I.      L  A  W  S     C  0  X  L>  E  X  S  !•;  I). 

"Sect.  1532.  The  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  meet  at 
the  capital  of  the  State  on  the  third  Tuesday  of  May  in  each  year 
for  the  purpose  of  examining  applicants  for  a  license  to  practise 
dentistry;  and  to  continue  in  session  until  all  applicants  for 
license  have  been  examined  and  their  examination  has  been  ap- 
proved. All  examinations,  except  as  to  character,  shall  be  upon 
written  questions  on  the  following  subjects:  Operative  dentistry, 
prosthetic  dentistry,  oral  surgery,  physiology,  metallurgy,  anes- 
thetics, orthodontia;  and  in  chemistry,  anatomy,  materia  medica, 
pathology,  therapeutics,  histology  and  bacteriology  as  they  per- 
tain to  dentistry  :  together  with  a  practical  examination  in  oper- 
ative and  mechanical  dentistry,  three  members  of  the  board  con- 
stituting a  quorum  for  business.'* 

Licenses  are  granted  to  existing  practitioners. 

Temporary  licenses  are  granted. 

Fee  for  examination,  Sio. 

For  particulars  and  requirements,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr. 
Reuel  May,  403  Merchants  Bank  Building,  Jackson,  Miss. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  1 'resident, 

Missouri.  A.  H.  Mann,  Kansas  City;  Jesse  Miller, 

Vice-President,     Maryville;     George     E. 

Haigh,  Secretary,  Jefferson  City;  T.  E.  Turner,  St.  Louis;  Chas. 

A.  Brown,  Edina. 

The  meeting  of  the  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  is  in 
June,  at  Jefferson  City.  Applicants  should  come  with  all  instru- 
ments and  material  to  do  operative  work.  A  diploma  from  a  rep- 
utable dental  college,  or  a  certificate  of  registration  from  another 
State  is  essential  to  examinations.    The  fee  is  Sio. 

For  further  particulars,  apply  to  the  secretary.  Dr.  George 
E.  Haigh,  Jefferson  City,  Missouri. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners :  President, 
Montana.  Dr.  D.  J.  Wait,  Helena;  Vice-President, 

Dr.  R.  C.  Purdum,  Bozeman  ;  Treasurer, 
Dr.  G.  E.  Longeway,  Great  Falls;  Legal  Adviser,  Dr.  R.  R.  Rath- 
bone,  Dillon  ;  Secretary,  Dr.  G.  A.  Chevigny,  Butte. 

The  board  meets  the  second  Monday  in  July  at  Helena  every 
year.  Examinations  continue  three  days.  Examination  in  all 
cases. 

Subjects:  Oral  surgery,  histology,  dental  pathology  and 
dental  medicine,  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  metallurgy, 
operative  and  mechanical  dentistry. 

Examination  fee,  $25,  and  when  certificate  is  issued  an  addi- 
tional fee  of  $25  is  required,  making  a  total  of  $50. 

License  must  be  registered  with  the  county  clerk  within 
sixty  days. 


d  e  n  i  a  i.    i.  a  ws    c o n d  i:  x  s  e  i'.  25 

Montana     exchanges     with     Michigan,     Indiana.     Minn. 

New  Jersey,  Nebraska  and  [dah 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  G.  A. 
Ou\  ign)  .    Butte,  Montana. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 
Nebraska.  I.  II.  Wallace,  Omaha,  examines  in  n.atc- 

ria  medica,  therapeutics,  hygiene  and 
anatomy;  Vice  President,  \\  .  L.  Shearer,  Omaha,  examines  in 
oral  surgery,  physiology  and  pathology;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
T.  S.  Pierce,  Lincoln  City,  examines  in  practical  work;  A.  E. 
Thomas,  Hastings,  examines  in  prosthetic  dentistry,  metallurgy 
and  jurisprudence;  C.  S.  Parker,  Norfolk,  examines  in  operative 
dentistry,  chemistry  and  histology. 

The  board  meets  at  the  State  House  in  Lincoln,  Neb.,  in  May 
and  November.     Examinations  practical  and  theoretical. 

Applicants  must  be  graduates  of  four  years'  High  School 
course,  or  its  equivalent,  and  a  graduate  of  a  reputable  dental  col- 
lege, twenty-one  years  old. 

Two  of  the  dental  secretaries  are  required  to  be  present  at 
the  State  Dental  College  examinations. 

Temporary  certificates  granted.    Fee,  $5. 

Interchanges  with  Indiana,  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  Mon- 
tana and  Iowa. 

Nebraska  Dental  College  graduates  are  exempt  from  exam- 
ination. 

Licenses  must  be  registered  with  the  county  clerk. 

Fees — Permanent  license,  $25.  Graduates  Nebraska  Dental 
College,  $10.     Temporary  license,  $5.     County  clerk  fee,  $1. 

An  Act  (House  Roll  No.  474)  :  Relative  to  the  practice  of 
dentistry,  recognizing  certificates  of  dental  examiners  of  other 
States  and  territories,  and  providing  for  certificates  of  removal 
of  dentists  from  the  State. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Nebraska : 

Section  1.  The  State  Board  of  Dental  Secretaries  may,  with- 
out examination,  issue  license  to  practise  to  any  dentist  who  shall 
have  been  in  legal  practice  in  some  other  State  or  territory  for  a 
period  of  at  least  five  years,  upon  the  certificate  of  the  Board  of 
Dental  Secretaries  or  a  like  board  of  the  state  or  territory  in 
which  such  dentist  was  a  practitioner;  certifying  his  competency 
and  that  he  is  of  good  moral  character  and  upon  payment  of 
twenty-five  ($25.00)  dollars.  Provided,  however,  that  the  State 
from  which  any  practitioner  may  come  shall  have,  and  maintain 
equal  standards  of  laws  regulating  the  practice  of  dentistry  and 
recognize  exchange  certificates  issued  by  the  Board  of  Dental 
Secretaries  of  the  State  of  Nebraska. 

3 


26  D  E  X  T  A  L     L  A  W  S      CONDENSED. 

Sec.  2.  Any  duly  licensed  dentist  of  the  State  of  Nebraska 
who  is  desirous  of  changing  his  residence  to  that  of  another  state 
or  territory  shall  upon  application  to  the  Board  of  Denta!  Secre- 
taries, and  the  payment  of  a  fee  of  five  ($5.00)  dollars  receive  a 
certificate  which  shall  attest  that  he  is  a  duly  licensed  dentist  of 
the  State  of  Nebraska. 

Sec.  3.  Every  person  to  whom  a  license  is  issued  shall  file 
the  same  for  record  with  the  county  clerk  in  the  county  in  which 
he  desires  to  practise  dentistry  and  the  county  clerk  shall  be 
entitled  to  a  fee  of  fifty  cents  for  recording  such  license ;  and  fail- 
ure to  so  file  such  license  for  record  within  one  year  after  it  is 
issued  by  the  board,  shall  work  a  forfeiture  thereof  and  said 
license  shall  not  be  restored  by  the  board  except  upon  the  pay- 
ment to  it  of  the  sum  of  twenty-five  ($25.00)  dollars  as  penalty 
therefor. 

For  further  particulars,  apply  to  the  secretary.  Dr.  J.  S. 
Pierce.  Fraternity  Building,  Lincoln  City,  Nebraska. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Nevada.  Dr.  Dave  Rulison,  Reno,  operative  and 

prosthetic  dentistry,  hygiene  and  dental 
jurisprudence;  Secretary,  Dr.  W.  W.  Goode,  Carson  City,  chem- 
istry, pathology,  materia  medica  and  oral  surgery ;  Dr.  \Y.  II. 
Cavell,  Carson  Cit)r,  anatomy,  physiology,  metallurgy  and  his- 
tology; Dr.  Elton  N.  Davis,  Tonopah  :  Dr.  W.  M.  "YVad'leigh,  Ely. 

Section  9.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  for  examination  by  the 
State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  who  shall  not  furnish  satisfac- 
tory evidence  of  having  graduated  from  a  reputable  dental  col- 
lege, which  must  have  been  endorsed  by  the  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners  of  Nevada;  or  who  shall  not  have  graduated  from  a 
High  School  or  similar  institution  of  learning,  in  this  or  some 
other  State  of  the  United  States,  requiring  a  three  years'  course 
of  study,  and  who  cannot  furnish  to  the  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners an  affidavit,  containing  his  or  her  name,  the  name  of  his  or 
her  preceptor,  and  the  names  of  at  least  two  reputable  witnesses, 
certified  to  in  the  State  of  Nevada  before  a  notary  public,  show- 
ing that  he  or  she  has  completed  an  apprenticeship  of  four  years 
of  twelve  months  each,  with  a  licensed  practitioner  of  dentistry, 
in  the  State  of  Nevada,  or  cannot  furnish  to  said  Board  of  Exam- 
iners a  certificate  from  the  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  or 
similar  body,  of  some  other  State  in  the  United  States,  showing 
that  he  or  she  has  been  a  licensed  practitioner  of  dentistry  in  that 
State  for  at  least  five  (5)  years. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  \Y.  W. 
Goode,  Carson  City,  Nevada. 


\  T  \  I.     UWS     CON  D  i;  N  SED.  27 

I  ><  iard    1  'i'    Registrati(  >n    in    I  dentistry  : 
New  Hampshire.        President,     G.     A.      Bowers,      I  >.  I).S., 
Nashau,    examines    in    anatomy,    phj 
and  oral  surgery;  Secretary,  A.   I.  Sawyer,  D.D.S.,  Man 
Chester,  examines   in   operative   dentistry,   histology,   pathology 
and  therapeutics;  M.  R.  Beale,  I '.M.S..  Kane,  examines  in  pros 
thetic  dentistry,  chemistry  and  materia  medica. 

Examination  required  with  or  withoul  diploma.  Examina- 
tion Fee,  $10.  No  special  examination.  Examination  held  in 
Manchester,  \.  II.,  in  June  and  December  of  each  year.  Xo 
interchange  "t"  licenses  with  any  State 

Further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,   Dr.   A.  J, 
Sawyer,  Manchester,  New  Hampshire. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  -"resident,  y^.^fri 
New  Jersey.  1).     F.     Lmeltcy,     Pnttorsr.in ;     Secretary- 

treasurer,  Charles  A.  Meeker,  Newark; 
Win.  K.  Truex,  freehold;  Alphonso  Irwin,  Camden;  II.  S.  Sut- 
phen,  Newark,  rfatd  • 

Applicant  must  be  a  graduate  of  a  reputable  dental  college. 

Professional  attainments,  preliminary  qualifications  and 
cent  photograph  must  accompany  application  to  the  secretary. 

Examinations  are  held  in  the  Assembly  Chamber.  Trenton, 
X.  J.,  die  tirst  \T,  ter  the  fourth  of  July,  and  the  first  Mon- 

day in  I  )ecember  each  year.     Fee,  $25. 

Reciprocal  interchange  of  license  with  Utah,  Tennessee.  In- 
diana. Michigan,  Vermont,  District  of  Columbia  and  (  )hio. 

Requirements  of  application:  All  persons  desiring  to  com- 
mence" the  practice  of  dentistry  in  New  Jersey  must  apply  to  the 
board  for  a  license  so  to  do. 

2.  Applicants  for  examination  shall  present  to  the  secretary 
of  the  hoard  at  least  two  weeks  before  the  commencement  of  the 
examination,  at  which  he  or  she  is  to  he  examined,  a  written 
application  mi  a  form  provided  by  said  hoard,  together  with  a 
certified  check-  or  money  order  for  twenty  five  dollars,  the  reg- 
ular examination   fee. 

,}.    Evidence  that  applicant  is  twenty  cue  years  of  age. 

4.  Certificates  of  moral  character  from  two  dentists  in  j^ood 
Standing,  one  of  whom  must  be  a  resident  of  New  Jersey. 

Preliminary  educational  requirements:  Candidates  for  ex- 
amination must  present  certificates  showing  that  they  have  fully 
completed  a  four  years'  course  of  study  in  an  approved  High 
School,  or  the  equivalent  thereof. 

Examination:   Theoretical — All    examinations   shall    he    writ 
ten  in  the  English  language,  and  shall  be  <>n  the  following  sub- 
ject^ : 

(Section  1.)    Anatomy,  physiology  and  histology. 


28  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

(Sec.  2.)  Materia  medica,  therapeutics,  anesthetics  and  path- 
ology. 

(Sec.  3.)  Theoretical  operative  dentistry,  practical  operative 
dentistry  and  oral  surgery. 

(Sec.  4.)  Theoretical  prosthetic  dentistry,  practical  pros- 
thetic dentistry  and  metallurgy. 

(Sec.  5.)  Orthodontia,  crown  and  bridge  work  and  chemistry. 

Practical  Operative  Dentistry:  Each  candidate  must  bring 
his  patients,  also  all  instruments. 

A  chair  and  engine  will  be  provided. 

The  cavity  must  be  reasonably  difficult. 

Cavities  for  gold  must  be  approximal. 

Candidate  may  use  any  style  of  gold  excepting  crystal, 
sponge  or  mat  gold. 

One  gold  and  one  amalgam  filling  will  be  required. 

Practical  Prosthetic  Dentistry :  The  applicant  must  present 
a  full  upper  set,  invested  and  ready  for  soldering.  This  must  con- 
sist of  a  gold  or  silver  plate,  with  soldered  band  over  a  set  of 
single  gum  teeth,  ground  and  backed,  band  and  backing  of  the 
same  material  as  plate.  The  plate  must  be  struck  from  dies  made 
from  an  impression  of  a  mouth,  and  the  articulating  model,  with 
the  plate,  when  soldered,  must  be  submitted  for  inspection.  The 
plate  must  be  removed  from  the  investment  by  the  applicant 
before  the  examiner. 

The  candidate  must  bring  solder,  blowpipe  and  rubber  tubing 
at  least,  six  feet  long  for  connection  with  gas  outlet.  The  plate 
must  be  properly  invested  and  ready  for  heating,  with  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  solder  and  flux  ready  for  use. 

No  excuse  will  be  accepted  for  failure  to  comply  with  these 
instructions.  * 

An  affidavit  will  be  required  stating  that  the  work,  prepara- 
tory to  soldering,  from  the  taking  of  the  impression  to  the  final 
investment,  was  done  by  the  applicant  without  assistance  from 
anyone.  When  examination  is  completed  satisfactorily  the  plate 
will  be  returned  to  candidate.  The  board  will  not  be  responsible 
after  thirty  days  for  its  return. 

First. — The  theoretical  examinations  will  commence  prompt- 
ly at  9  a.  m.  on  the  days  designated,  and  continue  until  appli- 
cants have  been  examined.  Notice  will  be  sent  each  candidate 
when  he  will  be  required  to  solder  his  plate,  and  also  when  to 
bring  patient  for  operating. 

Second. — Each  candidate  will  receive  a  card,  with  his  exam- 
ination number.  By  this  number  shall  the  candidate  be  known 
throughout  the  examination. 

Third. — Applicants  shall  affix  to  their  examination  papers 
their  number  only,  and,  on  the  completion  of  each  paper,  shall 
present  the  card  to  the  examiner  in  charge  of  that  section  for  his 


DKNTAL     L  A  W  S      C  O  N  D  B  N  S  E  D.  29 

signature;  at  the  completion  of  the  examination   the  candidate 
shall  sign  the  card  under  the  number  with  lull  name  and  address 

and  return  to  the  secretary. 

Fourth.-  -Questions  must  be  answered  in  routine,  and  papers 
handed  in  to  the  examiner  of  the  section  at  the  end  of  each  ses- 
sion. All  unanswered  questions  will  be  marked  againsl  the  ap- 
plicant. 

Fifth. — Any  candidate  withdrawing  from  the  sight  of  the 
examiner  without  permission  shall  forfeil  his  examination  on 
that  section. 

Sixth. —  Practical  prosthetic,  practical  operative  work  in  the 
Stau-  House  at  Trenton,  N.  J.  Theoretical  examination,  Tren- 
ton, N.J. 

Seventh. — All  theoretical  examinations  shall  be  in  writing. 
Candidates  must  come  provided  with  fountain  or  stylographic 
pens. 

Eighth. — Help  of  every  kind  must  be  removed  from  the 
reach  and  sight  of  the  candidate.  Any  candidate  detected  in  any 
attempt  to  give  or  obtain  aid,  in  copying  the  questions,  or  in 
using  any  other  unfair  means,  shall  be  instantly  dismissed  from 
the  room,  and  his  papers  for  the  entire  work  shall  be  canceled. 

Candidates  are  required  to  take  entire  examination,  or  no 
credit  will  be  given,  as  no  partial  examination  will  be  accepted. 

All  papers  and  signed  cards  must  be  turned  in  to  the  sec- 
retary by  5.30  p.  m.  on  the  last  day  of  the  examination. 

For  further  information  apply  to  Dr.  Chas.  A.  Meeker,  secre- 
tary, No.  29  Fulton  street,  Newark,  N.  J. 

NOTE. — For  amended  (191 1)  Dental  Law  of  New  Jersey  sec  Ap- 
pendix. 

Board  of  Examiners :  President,  F.  E. 
New  Mexico.  Olney,  E.  Las  Vegas;  Secretary,  M.  J. 

Moran,  Deming;  F.  J.  Alger,  Albuquer- 
que; L.  E.  Krvin,  Carlsbad;  F.  N.  Brown,  Roswell. 

Requirements : 

Rule  1. — All  persons  desiring  to  commence  the  practice  of 
dentistry  in  the  State  of  New  Mexico  must  apply  to  the  State 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners  for  examination,  and  must  present 
at  the  time  of  examination  his  or  her  diploma  from  a  reputable 
dental  college,  and,  on  satisfactory  examination,  will  be  granted 
a  license. 

Rule  2. — Applicants  are  requested  to  present  to  the  secretary 
of  the  board  at  least  five  days  before  the  date  set  for  the  exam- 
ination a  written  application  on  a  form  furnished  by  the  board, 
and  said  application  must  be  accompanied  with  the  fee  of  $25. 

Rule  3. — The  examination  shall  consist  of  the  following 
branches  written  in  the  English  language:    Operative  dentistry. 


30  DENTAL,  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

prosthesis,  chemistry,  anatomy,  physiology,  pathology,  metal- 
lurgy, materia  medica,  anesthetics,  orthodontia,  histology, 
hygiene  and  oral  surgery. 

Rule  4. — Examination  on  theory  and  practice  shall  be  of 
equal  value. 

Rule  5. — Practical  operations  shall  consist  of  cases  selected 
by  the  board ;  patient  and  instruments  to  be  furnished  by  appli- 
cant. 

Rule  6. — Applicant  must  bring  instruments  and  material  to 
do  all  practical  operations  at  the  chair,  also  plaster  models  and 
bite  for  a  full  denture,  and  carry  case  to  the  point  of  flasking. 

Rule  7. — All  written  examinations  shall  be  on  paper  furn- 
ished by  the  board ;  no  other  paper  will  be  allowed  in  the  room ; 
when  papers  are  turned  in  questions  must  accompany  answers, 
otherwise  papers  will  not  be  accepted. 

Rule  8. — After  two-thirds  of  the  applicants  have  finished  a 
subject  others  will  be  given  thirty  minutes  to  finish,  at  which 
time  they  must  turn  in  their  papers. 

Rule  9. — No  license  will  be  issued  to  applicants  whose  aver- 
age is  below  75  per  cent. 

Rule  10. — Write  answers  in  order  of  questions ;  don't  give 
information  that  is  not  asked  for. 

No  temporary  licenses  granted. 

Communications  with  this  board  must  be  accompanied  by 
stamps  if  an  answer  is  expected.  For  further  particulars,  apply 
to  the  secretary,  Dr.  M.  J.  Moran,  Deming,  New  Mexico. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
New  York.  Alexander  M.  Holmes,  Morrisville,  anat- 

omy; Secretary,  H.  J.  Burkhart,  Batavia, 
physiology  and  hygiene ;  A.  M.  Wright,  M.D.S.,  4  St.  Paul  Place, 
Troy,  chemistry  and  metallurgy;  A.  R.  Cooke,  D.D,S.,  815  Uni- 
versity Block,  Syracuse ;  E.  G.  Parker,  D.D.S.,  Goshen,  oral  sur- 
gery and  pathology;  Wm.  C.  Deane,  D.D.S.,  616  Madison  avenue, 
New  York  City,  prosthetic  dentistry;  Oscar  J.  Gross,  D.D.S.,  4 
South  Church  street,  Schenectady,  materia  medica  and  therapeu- 
tics ;  Fayette  C.  Walker,  M.D.S.,  309  State  street,  Brooklyn, 
operative  dentistry;  W.  A.  White,  Phelps,  histology. 

Diploma  from  a  registered  school  is  necessary  for  admission 
to  the  dental  licensing  examination.  Applicants  who  have  had 
six  years'  practice  in  dentistry  may,  on  unanimous  recommenda- 
tion of  the  board,  receive  a  license  to  practise  in  this  State,  pro- 
vided they  meet  the  necessary  professional  and  preliminary  re- 
quirements. Fee,  $25.  Chief,  Chas.  F.  Wheelock,  Examination 
Division,  New  York  State  Education  Department,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

For  further  particulars,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  PI.  J. 
Burkhart,  Batavia,  N.  Y. 


I I  I :  X  T  A  L     LAWS     C  O  X  I  >  E  x  sed.  31 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  Pr< 

North  Carolina.         Dr.  V.  E.  Turner,  Raleigh,  histology  and 

oral  surgery;  Secretary.  Mr.  F.  F.  Hunt, 

Asheville,  chemistry  and  materia   medica;   Dr.    I.    II.   Wheeler, 

Greensboro,  operative  dentistry;   Dr.  J.  X.  Johnson,  Goldsboro, 

anatomy  and  physiology;  Dr.  C.  A.  Thompson,  Wilson,  pathol- 

therapeutics  and  bacteriology;  Dr.  I.  S.  Spurgeon,  Hillsboro, 
prosthetic  dentistry  and  metallurgy. 

Requirements:  Examination  by  the  hoard,  diploma  from  a 
reputable  dental  school  and  examination  fee  of  Sio. 

No  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice.  A  temporary  license,  however,  is  granted,  upon  exam- 
ination before  one  member  of  the  board,  valid  only  until  the  next 
regular  meeting  of  the  board. 

Xo  interchange  of  licenses. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  F.  L. 
I  lunt.  Asheville,  X.  C. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 

North  Dakota.  G.    A.    Rawlings,    Bismark;    Vice-Presi- 

dent, G.  T.  McDonald,  Jamestown  :  Sec- 
retary. F.  A.  Kricker,  Fargo;  L.  L.  Eckman,  Grand  Forks;  \Y.  J. 
Brownlee,  Devil's  Lake. 

Revised  dental  law  of  Xorth  Dakota,  dated  July  1st,  1910: 

Section  4  provides:  "Any  person  not  already  a  licensed  den- 
tist in  this  State  at  the  time  of  the  going  into  effect  of  this  act, 
desiring  to  practice  dentistry  therein,  shall  apply  to  the  secretary 
of  the  board  for  examination,  and  pay  a  fee  of  $25  for  the  first 
examination  and  $10  for  each  subsequent  examination,  which  fees 
shall  in  no  case  be  refunded. 

At  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  board  held  after  such 
application  is  made,  the  applicant  shall  present  himself  for  exam- 
ination, and  produce  a  diploma  issued  to  him  by  some  dental  col- 
lege of  good  standing,  of  which  standing  the  board  shall  be  the 
judges.  No  person  shall  be  permitted  to  take  such  examination 
unless  he  shall  prove  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  board  that  he  has 
had  a  preliminary  general  education  equivalent  to  at  least  four 
years  of  study  in  some  high  school  or  academy  in  the  State  of 
Xorth  Dakota,  having  a  four  years'  course  beyond  that  of  an 
elementary  school:  and  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  January, 
1914.  every  applicant  for  such  examination  shall  in  addition  to 
the  foregoing  requirements,  present  to  the  board  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  having  successfully  completed  a  preliminary  course  of 
study  equivalent  to  at  least  one  year's  work  in  the  college  of 
liberal  art  of  the  University  of  Xorth  Dakota,  provided,  however, 
that  the  privileges  of  such  examination  are  not  denied  to  appli- 
cant therefor  who  holds  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  some 
other  State  than  Xorth  Dakota  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act ; 


32  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

No  holder  of  a  degree  or  diploma  from  a  foreign  country  or 
province  which  does  not  accept  for  examination  the  holder  of  a 
license  to  practise  dentistry  issued  by  the  State  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners  of  this  State  shall  be  eligible  for  such  examination  : 

The  board  shall  give  the  applicant  such  an  elementary,  theo- 
retical and  practical  examination  as  to  thoroughly  test  his  fitness 
for  the  practice  of  dentistry,  and  include  therein  the  subjects  of 
anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica.  therapeutics, 
metallurgy,  histology,  pathology  and  operative,  surgical  and 
mechanical  dentistry; 

If  the  applicant  successfully  passes  the  examination,  he  shall 
forthwith  be  registered  upon  the  records  of  the  board  as  a 
licensed  dentist,  and  shall  receive  a  certificate  of  registration 
signed  by  all  the  members  of  the  board,  whereby  he  shall  be 
authorized  to  practise  dentistry  in  said  State  for  a  period  of  one 
year  from  the  date  of  such  certificate,  and  as  long  as  such  cer- 
tificate shall  be  duly  renewed  as  hereinafter  provided : 

Provided,  that  any  dentist  who,  for  five  years  or  more,  has 
been  in  legal  practice  in  another  State  of  the  United  States  having 
and  maintaining  a  standard  of  laws  regulating  the  practice  of 
dentistry  equal  to  that  of  this  State,  and  is  a  reputable  dentist  of 
good  moral  character,  and  is  desirous  of  removing  to  this  State, 
and  deposits  in  person  with  the  board  a  certificate  from  the  ex- 
amining board  of  the  State  in  which  he  is  registered,  certifying 
to  the  fact  of  his  registration  and  of  his  good  moral  character 
and  professional  attainments,  and  from  the  State  Dental  Society 
a  written  recommendation  that  he  be  admitted  by  reciprocity, 
may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  board,  upon  payment,  of  a  fee  of  S50. 
be  granted  a  license  to  practice  in  this  State  without  a  theoretical 
examination ; 

The  board  upon  hearing,  after  twenty  days'  notice  thereof, 
may  revoke  the  license  of  anyone,  who.  with  intent  to  deceive  the 
public,  shall  practise  dentistry  under  an  assumed  name.'" 

For  further  particulars,  apply  to  the  secretary.  Dr.  F.  A. 
Bricker,  Fargo,  North  Dakota. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners;  President, 
Ohio.  H.  C.  Matlack.  19  West  Seventh  street, 

Cincinnati,  examines  in  operative  den- 
tistry and  surgery  and  oral  hygiene;  Secretary,  L.  L.  Yonker. 
Bowling  Green,  examines  in  prosthetics,  chemistry  and  metal- 
lurgy; Treasurer,  J.  B.  Owens,  Cleveland,  materia  medica.  thera- 
peutics and  orthodontia;  W.  D.  Temper,  Portsmouth,  physiology, 
anatomy  and  anesthesia:  II.  Bartilson,  Columbus,  histol 
pathology  and  bacteriology. 

All  applicants  for  license  must   pass  the  examinations  pre- 


i)  v.  s  r  a  i.    i.  a  w  s    co  nd  k  n  s  !•:  d.  33 

scribed  by  law.    Only  graduates  of  reputable  dental  colleges  are 

eligible  l'i  >v  examination. 

The  board  may  excuse  from  the  written  examination  an  ap- 
plicant who  has  been  in  legal  ami  reputable  practice  in  another 
State,  territory  or  district  for  at  least  five  consecutive  years  next 
prior  to  filing  his  application  and  who  holds  a  license  from  a  sim- 
ilar denial  hoard  thereof,  provided  the  laws  of  Mich  State,  terri- 
tory or  district  accord  equal  rights  to  a  dentist  of  Ohio  holding 
a  license  from  the  State  Dental  Board.  All  applicants  are  re- 
quired to  take  the  clinical  examination.  Examinations  are  held 
in  Columbus  during  the  months  of  June  and  <  >ctober.  Kxamina- 
tion  fee,  $25.  Applications  should  he  tiled  with  tin'  Secretary  ten 
day-  prior  to  date  i if  examination. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  L.  L.  Yonker, 
Bowling  Green,  <  >. 

Board  of  Dental  Kxaminers  :  President, 

Oklahoma.  W.  W.  Bryan,  Claremore,  Secretary,  A. 

C.    Hixon,    Guthrie ;    Treasurer,    E.    E. 

in,  Oklahoma  City.;  G.  \V.  Bowling,  Lindsay;  E.  A.  Bonnell, 

Muskogee. 

Examination  required  with  or  without  diploma.    Fee,  $25. 
No  special  examination   granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

Examinations  usually  held  in  May  and  November  each  year, 
in  Oklahoma  City  or  Muskogee. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  A.  C. 
Hixon,  Guthrie,  Oklahoma. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  ;  President, 
Oregon.  Dr.    F.    Vaughn,    Astoria,    examines    in 

anatomy  and  physiology;  Secretary,  Dr. 
H.  H.  Olinger,  Salem,  examines  in  chemistry  and  metallurgy;  Dr. 
Jean  Cline,  Dekum  Building,  Portland,  examines  in  operative  and 
prosthetic  dentistry;  Dr.  Wm.  S.  Kennedy,  The  Dalles,  examines 
in  materia,  medica  and  therapeutics;  Dr.  Clyde  Mount,  Oregon 
City,  examines  in  dental  anatomy  and  pathology. 

All  applicants  must  be  examined.  Candidates  must  have 
good  moral  character  and  be  graduates  of  a  reputable  dental  col- 
lege. 

Examination  fee,  $25.    Yearly  registration  fee,  $1.50. 

Application  must  be  filed  thirty  days  in  advance  of  date  of 

examination. 

Meetings  of  the  board  are  held  semi-annually  in  June  and 
November,  at  Portland. 

No  interchange  of  license. 


34  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

Rules  governing  examinations  of  the  Oregon  State  Board  of 
Dental  Examiners:  i. — No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  take  exam- 
ination unless  he  or  she  shall  be  of  good  moral  character  and  shall 
present  to  the  board  his  or  her  diploma  from  some  recognized 
school  in  good  standing,  and  shall  give  satisfactory  evidence  of 
his  or  her  rightful  possession  of  the  same. 

2  — Candidates  presenting  themselves  for  examination  shall 
file  their  application  with  the  secretary,  and  at  the  same  time  pay 
to  him  the  fee  oi  S25.  Applications  will  not  be  received  more 
than  thirty  days  prior  to  examination. 

3. — Temporary  permits  or  licenses  will  not  be  granted  under 
any  circumstances  whatever. 

4. — The  examination  will  consist  of  written  questions  on  the 
following  subjects:  Anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia 
medica,  therapeutics,  metallurgy,  pathology,  operative  and  surg- 
ical dentistry,  and  also  demonstration  of  skill  in  operative  and 
mechanical  dentistry. 

5. — All  written  examinations  shall  be  on  paper  furnished  by 
the  secretary,  and  the  board  will  also  provide  chairs  for  practical 
examinations,  but  the  applicants  are  required  to  furnish  their  own 
instruments  and  material. 

6. — No  fee  will  be  returned  to  a  candidate  after  he  has  filed 
his  application  for  examination,  but  should  he  fail  to  meet  the 
required  percentage,  he  may  present  himself  for  a  second  exam- 
ination at  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  board  without  charge. 

7. — A  general  average  of  75  per  cent,  will  be  required  in  writ- 
ten examinations. 

8. — At  the  opening  of  the  examinations  the  applicant  will  be 
furnished  with  an  envelope  containing  a  card  with  a  number.  The 
applicant  will  write  his  or  her  name  upon  the  card,  seal  the 
envelope,  and  use  this  number  on  all  examination  papers.  The 
sealed  envelopes  will  at  the  conclusion  of  the  written  examina- 
tions be  handed  to  the  secretary,  and  not  opened  until  the  papers 
are  graded. 

9. — Any  candidate  detected  in  trying  to  give  or  obtain  aid 
shall  be  dismissed  from  the  room,  and  his  or  her  paper  for  the 
entire  work  rejected. 

10. — Handwriting  of  candidates  must  be  legible,  and  spelling 
and  use  of  correct  language  will  be  taken  into  account  in  making 
up  the  rating  on  answers. 

11. — The  Board  of  Examiners  shall  begin  their  inspection  of 
the  answers  submitted  by  the  candidates  immediately  after  the 
close  of  the  examination,  and  shall  complete  the  same  with 
promptness  and  dispatch.  A  correct  set  of  answers  to  the  ques- 
tions of  any  one  paper  shall  entitle  the  candidate  to  the  full  mark 
of  that  subject,  viz. :  one  hundred  points.     Partial  or  imperfect 


D  i:  \  I  A  I.     I.  A  W  5     C  0  N  D  i:  N  S  B  d.  35 

answers  shall  be  rated  by  the  examiners  in  accordance  with  their 
degree  of  fullness  and  correctness. 

For  further  information,  write  the  secretary.  Dr.  II.  H. 
(  Hinger,  Salem.  <  Oregon. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners:  President, 

Pennsylvania.  Dr.  John  J.  Moffitt,  200  Pine  street,  Ilar- 

risburg,  examines  in  special  dental  an- 
atomy, dental  histology  and  special  dental  physiology;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  Dr.  Alexander  II.  Reynolds,  4630  Chester  avenue, 
Philadelphia,  examines  in  pathology  and  bacteriology;  Dr.  Hugh 
W.  Vrthur,  Jenkins  Building,  Pittsburgh,  examines  in  operative 
and  prosthetic  dentistry;  Dr.  I.  D.  Whiteman.  Mercer,  examines 
in  anesthesia,  materia  medica  and  therapeutics;  Dr.  Thomas  JL.J  ^ 
H^gn"i  J-t"'--ir"i  Pndd'rg,  Pittsburgh,  examines  in  anatomy  and 
physiology;  Dr.  W.  D.  DeLong.  Reading,  examines  in  chemistry. 
metallurgy  and  oral  surgery. 

Examination  required  in  all  cases.  Applicants  must  be  grad- 
uates of  a  reputable  dental  college. 

Dentists  who  have  been  in  actual  lawful  practice  for  ten 
years  may  be  licensed  by  the  board,  if,  after  due  investigation  and 
examination,  it  finds  their  educational  and  professional  attain- 
ments to  be,  together,  fully  equal  to  the  requirements  for  license 
in  this  State. 

Examinations  held  simultaneously  in  Philadelphia  and  Pitts- 
burgh in  June  and  December  each  year.     Fee,  S25. 

Interchange  with  Michigan  for  licentiates  since  June.  1907, 
subject  to  the  oral  and  practical  examination  of  each  State. 

For  further  particulars,  write  the  secretary,  Dr.  Alexander 
H.  Reynolds.  4630  Chester  avenue.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Rhode  Island.  Forest  G.   Eddy,   221    Butler   Exchange, 

Providence,  examines  in  operative  den- 
tistry and  bacteriology:  Secretary,  Harry  L.  Grant.  1025  Banigan 
Building,  Providence,  examines  in  materia  medica.  therapeutics, 
chemistry  and  anesthesia:  Albert  E.  Seal.  12  East  avenue.  Paw- 
tucket,  examines  in  physiology  and  pathology;  Albert  L.  Midg- 
Iey.  315  Butler  Exchange.  Providence,  examines  in  anatomy,  his- 
tology, surgery  and  orthodondia  ;  James  F.  Gilbert.  Woonsocket, 
examines  in  prosthetic  dentistry,  metallurgy  and,  crown  and 
bridge  work. 

All  applicants  examined.     Fee,  S20. 

Xo  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary.  Dr.  Marry  L. 
Grant.  1025  Banigan  Building.  Providence,  R.  I. 


36  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

Board    of   Dental    Examiners   and   the 

South  Carolina.  branches  on  which  they  examine :  Pres- 
ident, G.  F.  S.  Wright,  Georgetown, 
chemistry,  physiology,  pathology;  Secretary,  Brooks  Rutledge, 
Florence,  S.  C,  operative  dentistry,  orthodontia,  crown  and 
bridge  work,  anatomy;  Dr.  W.  J.  Ray,  Aiken,  S.  C,  mechanical 
dentistry,  oral  surgery,  anesthesia ;  Dr.  E.  C.  Jones,  Newberry, 
S.  C.,  materia  medica,  bacteriology,  therapeutics,  metallurgy. 

Examinations  are  theoretical  and  practical  on  regular  col- 
lege branches.    Fee,  $15. 

Applicants  must  furnish  instruments  and  material  for  any 
demonstrations  called  for  by  the  board. 

Candidates  must  be  graduates  of  a  reputable  dental  college. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  board  is  held  at  Isle  of  Palms, 
Charleston,  in  June. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  Brooks 
Rutledge,  Florence,  S.  C. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
South  Dakota.  E.  H.  Wilson,  D.D.S.,  Miller;  Secretary, 

Aris  L.  Revell,  D.M.D.,  Lead;  J.  G.  Mc- 
Cartney. D.D.S.,  Mitchell;  F.  E.  Field,  D.D.S.,  Sioux  Falls; 
E.  S.O'Neil,  D.D.S.,  Canton. 

The  board  meets  the  second  Tuesday  in  January  and  July. 
Requires  both  practical  and  theoretical  examination. 
For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  Aris  L. 
Revell,  Lead,  South  Dakota. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  ;  President, 
Tennessee.  J.  B.  Jordan,  Nashville;  Secretary,  F.  A. 

Shotwell,  Rogersville ;  J.  M.  Glenn,  Jack- 
son; R.  M.  Gorman,  Franklin;  Southall  Deckson,  Boliver;  B.  D. 
Branson,  Knoxville. 

Applicants  may  apply  to  the  secretary  at  least  ten  days 
prior  to  date  fixed  for  examination. 

Examination  in  Nashville  in  May. 

All  applicants  must  possess  diploma  and  pass  both  practical 
and  theoretical  examination.     Fee,  $10. 

No  special  examination  to  practitioners  already  in  practice. 

Reciprocal  interchange  of  license  with  New  Jersey,  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  Ohio,  Kansas. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  F.  A. 
Shotwell,  Rogersville,  Term. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Texas.  C.    M.    McCauley,    Abilene;    Vice-Presi- 

dent, T.  S.  Cartwright,  Van  Alstyne ; 
Secretary,  J.  M.  Murphy,  Temple;  W.  H.  Scherer,  Houston;  M. 
J.  Bisco,  Fort  Worth ;  A.  F.  Sonntag,  Waco. 


DENTAL     L  A  W  S      CO  N  DEXSED.  37 

Examinations  are  held  at  Houston  in  December. 
Applications,  accompanied  by  fee  of  $25,  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  the  secretary  ten  days  prior  to  examination. 

Applicants  are  requested  to  answer  in  writing  the  following 

questions:    State  full  name  and  address Age?.  . .  . 

How  many  years  have  you  been  engaged  in  the  study  of  den- 
tistry?  Where  and  when? If  a  graduate,  from  what 

school  or  college? Date  of  graduation Have  you 

any  other  degree? Are  you  licensed  in  any  other  State;  if 

so,  what  State? Date  of  such  license 

On  oath,  deposes  and  says  that  the  answers  and 

statements  made   in  the   foregoing  application   are   true.     Sub- 
scribed and  sworn  to  before  me this.  . .  .  day  of 

190. . . 

Notary  Public. 

Diplomas  are  not  registered;  examination  required  in  all 
cases. 

Xo  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 
Temporary  license  granted  upon  a  written  examination  before 
one  member  of  the  Board,  good  until  the  following  spring. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  J.  M. 
Murphy,  Temple,  Texas. 

NOTE. — The  above  application  blank  is  printed,  as  it  gives  a  good 
idea  of  the  simplest  form  in  use  by  some  State  Boards;  others  are  much 
more  exacting. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners;  President, 
Utah.  E.  A.  Tripp,  Atlas  Building,  Salt  Lake 

City,  examines  in  pathology,  histology 
and  bacteriology;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  A.  C.  Wherry,  Mc- 
Cormick  Building,  Salt  Lake  City,  examines  in  anatomy  and  phy- 
siology ;  S.  H.  Clawson,  Salt  lake  City,  examines  in  surgical  and 
mechanical  dentistry;  W.  G.  Dalyrmple,  Ogden,  examines  in 
materia  medica  and  chemistry;  J.  F.  Christianson,  Salt  Lake  City, 
examines  in  operative  dentistry  and  metallurgy. 

Examinations  required  with  or  without  diploma.    Fee,  $25. 

Xo  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

Reciprocal  interchange  of  license  with  New  Jersey  and  Idaho 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Asheville  resolution. 

Examinations  usually  in  June  and  November. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  A.  C. 
Wherry,  McCormick  Building,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


38  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 

Vermont.  E.    O.    Blanchard,    Randolph ;    Secretary 

and    Treasurer,    George    F.    Cheney,    St. 

Johnsbury;  K.  L.  Cleaves,  Montpelier;  L.  E.  Mellen,  Middlebury; 

Geo.  O.  Mitchell,  St.  Albans. 

Examinations  required  in  all  cases.     Fee,  $25. 
No  special  examination  for  practitioners  already  in  practice. 
Interchange  of  license  with  New  Jersey  and  Iowa. 
For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  George  T. 
Cheney,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Virginia.  H.    W.    Campbell,    Suffolk,    examines    in 

pathology  and  therapeutics ;  Secretary,  J. 
P.  Stiff,  Fredericksburg,  examines  in  operative  dentistry ;  A. 
Hume  Sprinkle,  Staunton,  examines  in  oral  surgery  and  chemis- 
try; R.  C.  Lewis,  Culpeper,  examines  in  histology  and  anatomy; 
J.  A.  Colvin,  Charlottesville,  examines  in  physiology  and  materia 
medica ;  W.  M.  Sturgis,  Norfolk,  examines  in  metallurgy  and 
prosthetic  dentistry. 

Examinations  required  with  or  without  diploma.     Fee,  $10. 

No  special  examination  for  practitioners  already  in  practice. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 

Examinations  in  Richmond,  Va.,  the  second  Tuesday  in  June 
of  each  year. 

The  new  dental  law  goes  into  effect  after  January  1,  1914. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr. J.  P.  Stiff, 
Fredericksburg,  Va. 

NOTE. — For  New  Dental  Law  of  Virginia,  see  Appendix. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Washington.  W.  B.  Power,  Seattle;  Secretary,  F.  G. 

Titus,  Centralia;  E.  B.  Edgers,  Seattle; 
L.  B.  Manchester,  Wenatohee ;  A.  S.  Oliver,  Spokane. 

Examination  required  with  diploma.     Fee,  $25. 

No  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

No  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 

Examinations  are  held  during  May  in  any  large  city  in  West- 
ern Washington,  and  in  November  in  Eastern  Washington. 

Rules  governing  examinations  adopted  by  the  Washington 
State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners : 

1. — No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  take  examination  unless  he 
or  she  shall  be  of  good  moral  character  and  shall  present  to  the 
board  his  or  her  diploma  from  some  recognized  school  in  good 


den  1  a  i,    i.  a  w  s    cond  i:  x  -  ]•:  D.  39 

standing,  and  shall  give  satisfactory  evidence  of  his  or  her  right- 
ful possession  of  the  same. 

2. — Candidates  presenting  themselves  for  examination  shall 

file  their  application  with  the  secretary,  and  at  the  same  time  pay 
to  him  the  fee  of  $25.00.  Applications  will  not  be  received  prior 
to  date  of  taking  examination. 

3. — X,,  temporary  permits  or  licenses  will  he  -ranted  under 
any  circumstances  whatever. 

4. — The  examination  will  consist  of  written  questions  on  the 
following  subjects:  Anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia 
medica,  therapentics,  metallurgy,  histology,  pathology,  anaes- 
thesia, oral  surgery,  operative  and  prosthetic  dentistry:  also  prac- 
tical demonstration  of  skill  in  any  dental  operation  required  by 
the  examiner^. 

5. — All  written  examinations  shall  he  on  paper  furnished  by 
the  secretary,  and  the  board  will  also  provide  chairs  for  practical 
examinations,  but  the  applicants  are  required  to  furnish  their  own 
instruments  and  material. 

6. — Xo  fee  will  be  returned  to  a  candidate  after  he  has  filed 
his  application  for  examination,  but  should  he  fail  to  meet  the 
required  percentage,  he  may  present  himself  for  a  second  exam- 
ination at  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  board,  without  charge. 

7. — A  general  average  of  70  per  cent,  will  be  required  in  writ- 
ten examinations,  subject  to  the  following  exception:  In  case  of 
failure  to  secure  70  per  cent,  in  three  or  more  subjects,  the  appli- 
cation will  be  rejected. 

X. — At  the  opening  of  the  examinations  the  applicant  will  be 
furnished  with  an  envelope  containing  a  card  with  a  number. 
The  applicant  will  write  his  or  her  name  upon  the  card,  seal  the 
envelope,  and  use  this  number  on  all  examination  papers.  The 
sealed  envelopes  will  at  the  conclusion  of  the  written  examina- 
tions be  handed  to  the  secretary,  and  not  opened  until  all  papers 
are  graded. 

9. — Any  candidate  detected  in  trying  to  give  or  obtain  aid 
shall  be  dismissed  from  the  room,  and  his  or  her  paper  for  the 
entire  work  rejected. 

10. — Handwriting  of  candidates  must  be  legible,  and  spelling 
and  use  of  correct  language  will  be  taken  into  account  in  making 
up  the  rating  on  the  answers. 

11. — The  Board  of  Examiners  shall  begin  their  inspection  of 
the  answers  submitted  by  the  candidates  immediately  after  the 
close  of  the  examination,  and  shall  complete  the  same  with 
promptness  and  dispatch.  A  correct  set  of  answers  to  the  cpies- 
tions  of  any  one  paper  shall  entitle  the  candidate  to  the  full  mark 
of  that  subject,  viz. :  one  hundred  points.  Partial  or  imperfect 
answers  shall  be  rated  by  the  examiners  in  accordance  with  their 
degree  of  fullness  and  correctness. 


40  DENTAL     LAWS      COXDE  N  S  E  D. 

For  further  particulars,  write  the  secretary,  Dr.  F.  G.  Titus, 
Centralia,  Washington. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 

West  Virginia.  C.  H.  Bartlett,  Parkersburg;  Secretary, 

J.  Fleetwood  Butts,  Charleston ;  Attor- 
ney, Mason  B.  Ambler,  Parkersburg;  W.  A.  Williams,  Hunting- 
ton; L.  George  Beerbower,  Terra  Alta;  W.  J.  Boydston,  Fair- 
mont. 

The  board  meets  the  second  Wednesday  in  June  in  Wheel- 
ing. 

Anyone  is  admitted  to  examination.    Fee,  $25. 

They  examine  in  the  following  subjects :  Anatomy,  histol- 
ogy, pathology,  physiology,  materia  medica,  metallurgy,  bacteri- 
ology, chemistry,  prosthetic  dentistry,  operative  dentistry,  oral 
surgery,  crown  and  bridge,  porcelain,  gold  inlays. 

The  dental  law  of  West  Virginia  permits  interchange  of 
license,  but  up  to  the  present  time  no  arrangements  have  been 
made  with  any  boards. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  J.  Fleetwood 
Butts,  Charleston,  West  Virginia. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Wisconsin.  F.  A.  Tate,  Rice  Lake;  Secretary,  W.  T. 

Hardy,  Milwaukee ;  G.  C.  Marlow,  Lan- 
caster; C.  H.  Seeger,  Manitowoc;  C.  S.  Mclndoe,  Rhinelander. 
Examination  with  or  without  diploma.     Fee,  $25. 
Annual  registration  fee,  $1. 
Examinations  in  June  at  Milwaukee. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary,  W.  T.  Hardy, 
Room  302,  422  Jefferson  street,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

NOTE. — For  amended  Dental  Law  of  Wisconsin,  see  Appendix. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Wyoming.  Dr.  W.  Frackleton,  Sheridan,  examines 

in  physiology,  operative  dentistry,  path- 
ology and  oral  surgery;  W.  C.  Cunningham,  Evanston,  treasurer, 
examines  in  chemistry  and  metallurgy,  prosthetic  dentistry;  Sec- 
retary, Peter  Appel,  Cheyenne,  examines  in  anatomy,  histology, 
bacteriology,  anesthesia,  therapeutics  and  materia  medica. 

Examination  required  with  diploma.  Candidates  must  be 
graduates  of  a  reputable  dental  college.     Examination  fee,  $25. 

No  dentist  can  begin  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  this 
State  without  first  making  application  for  an  examination  to  the 
secretary  of  the  board,  and  at  the  same  time  paying  the  examina- 
tion fee  of  twenty-five  dollars  and  submitting  his  diploma  for  in- 


DENTAL     LA  V  -  E  0.  4 1 

spection.    The  applicant  will  then  be  examined  at  the  next  meet- 
ing of  the  board,  and  if  he  passes  a  satisfactory  examination  a 

license  will  be  issued  to  him.  Until  he  receives  this  license  he  is 
not  authorized  to  begin  practice,  and  nn  license  can  be  granted 
under  the  law  except  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  board.  The  pos- 
iion  of  a  diploma  in  itself  gives  no  right  to  practise  in  this 
State.  One  examination  is  held  annually  the  first  week  in  July 
each  year.  The  time,  date  and  place  are  set  by  the  board.  All 
applications  must  be  completed  and  in  the  hands  of  the  secretary 
thirty  days  prior  to  the  time  set  by  the  board  for  examinations 
to  begin.  Besides  the  written  examinations  each  applicant  must 
come  prepared  to  do  any  practical  work  which  may  be  required. 
The  board  will  meet  to  hold  examinations  in  July  at  the  State 
Capitol  Building,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.  The  passing  grade  in  opera- 
tive and  prosthetic  dentistry  must  be  85  per  cent.,  and  in  all  the 
other  branches  75  per  cent. 

For  further   information   and   application   blanks,   address    Peter 
Appel.  Jr..  secretary,  P.  O.  Box  643,  Cheyenne.  Wyoming. 


TERRITORIAL  POSSESSIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

OF  AMERICA. 

"Fairbanks,    Alaska,    Dec.    9,    1908. 
Alaska.  "The  field  is  open  in  Alaska.    No  creden- 

tials of  any  kind  are  necessary.  Wouldn't 
know  what  town  to  recommend.  This  place  and  the  surrounding 
country  is  pretty  well  represented  in  all  the  professions,  and 
especially  dentistry.  I  don't  think  any  one  coming  here  to  prac- 
tise dentistry  would  make  any  money.  It  costs  from  $150  to  $160 
to  come  here  from  Seattle." 

"Nome,  Alaska,  January  4,  1909. 
"The  people  are  now  demanding  stringent  medical  and  dental 
laws  on  account  of  the  injury  done  them  by  incompetents  and 
quacks,  who  have  come  to  Alaska  because  thev  could  go  nowhere 
else." 

"Washington,  D.  C,  January  9,  1912. 
"There  is  no  dental  law  for  Alaska,  and  not  any  territorial 
legislation  to  pass  one.    All  you  need  to  practise  dentistry  there 
is  the  tools.    Congress  is  supposed  to  pass  laws  for  Alaska." 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners :  President, 
Hawaii.  A.   J.   Derby,   D.D.S.,   Honolulu;   Secre- 

tary and  Treasurer.  P.  F.  Frear.  D.D.S., 
Honolulu :  H.  Bicknell,  D.D.S. 
4 


42  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

Examination  required  with  diploma.    Fee,  $20. 

No  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in 
practice. 

Xo  interchange  of  license  with  any  State. 

Examinations  held  semi-annually,  in  January  and  July. 

Section  5.  Dental  Laws  of  Hawaii :  "Any  one  twenty-one 
years  of  age  and  of  good  moral  character,  who  has  graduated  at 
and  holds  a  diploma  from  a  reputable  dental  college,  and  who 
desires  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  territory,  shall  file  his  applica- 
tion with  and  pay  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  a  fee  of  $20,  which 
in  no  case  shall  be  refunded,  and  shall  present  himself  or  herself 
for  examination  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  board  after  such  appli- 
cation, and  upon  passing  an  examination  satisfacotry  to  the  board 
his  or  her  name,  age,  nationality,  location  and  number  of  years 
of  practice  shall  be  entered  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose  and  a 
certificate  of  a  license  to  practise  shall  be  issued  to  such  person." 

For  further  information,  application  blanks,  etc.,  apply  to  the 
secretary,  Dr.  P.  F.  Frear,  Boston  Building,  Honolulu,  T.  H. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Philippine  Islands.  H.  C.  Strong,  Manila;  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  A.  P.  Preston,  34  Escolta, 
Manila ;  Antonio  Vergel  de  Dros,  Manila. 

An  Act  Regulating  the  Practice  of  Dentistry  in  the  Philip- 
pine Islands : — By  authority  of  the  United  States,  be  it  enacted 
by  the  Philippine  Commission,  that : 

Section  1.  The  Commissioner  of  Public  Health  for  the  Phil- 
ippine Islands  shall  appoint  a  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  for  the 
Philippine  Islands,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Board  of 
Health  for  the  Philippine  Islands,  consisting  of  three  reputable 
practitioners  of  dental  surgery,  who  shall  be  graduates  in  good 
standing  of  legally  incorporated  dental  educational  institutions 
recognized  by  the  National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties  and 
the  National  Association  of  Dental  Examiners  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  They  shall  hold  office  for  three  years  after 
their  appointment,  and  until  their  successors  are  appointed  and 
qualified : 

Provided,  that  the  first  appointees  shall  be  appointed  for  a 
period  of  one,  two  and  three  years,  respectively,  as  specified  in 
their  certificates  of  appointment  from  the  Commissioner  of  Pub- 
lic Health ;  and  provided  further,  that  no  member  of  the  faculty 
of  any  school,  college  or  university  in  which  dentistry  is  taught 
shall  be  eligible  for  appointment  on  said  board. 

Sec.  3.  The  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  meet  in  the 
city  of  Manila  for  the  purpose  of  examining  candidates  desiring 
to  practise  dentistry  in  the  Philippine  Islands  on  the  first  Tues- 


DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENS  K  I).  43 

day  of  January  and  July  of  each  year,  after  giving  thirty  days' 
written  or  printed  notice  of  such  meeting  to  eacli  candidate  who 
has  filed  his  name  and  address  with  the  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  hoard,  and  after  publishing  such  notice  in  one  newspaper 
published  in  the  English  language  and  one  newspaper  published 
in  the  Spanish  language  at  Manila  at  least  once  per  week  for  a 
like  period.  The  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  issue  a  dental 
surgeon's  certificate  to  each  candidate  who  furnishes  satisfactory 
proof  of  having  received  a  diploma  as  either  Doctor  of  Dental 
Medicine  or  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  from  a  legally  incorpo- 
rated dental  educational  institution,  and  who  in  addition  passes 
a  satisfactory  examination  before  the  board  in  the  following  sub- 
jects :  Anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  physics,  chemistry,  metal- 
lurgy, dental  anatomy  and  orthodontia,  oral  surgery,  operative 
dentistry  and  prosthetic  dentistry.  From  each  candidate  the  sec- 
retary and  treasurer  shall  collect  a  fee  of  $10. 

For  further  information  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  A.  P. 
Preston,  34  Escolta,  Manila,  P.  I. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 
Porto  Rico.  Dr.  Manuel  V.  del  Valle,  52  Allen  street, 

San  Juan  ;  Secretary,  Dr.  L.  R.  Non,  6 
San  Justo  street,  San  Juan ;  Dr.  J.  Modesto  Bird,  Fajardo. 

The  board  has  made  a  general  ruling  that  all  candidates  must 
submit  to  an  examination  prior  to  the  issuance  of  any  license  to 
practise  in  Porto  Rico. 

For  further  information,  address  the  secretary.  Dr.  L.  R. 
Non,  6  San  Justo  street,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 


PART  II. 


The  Requirements  of  Dental  Examiners  from  Applicants  for  a 

License  to  Practise  Dentistry  in  the  Dominion  of 

Canada  and  the  Provinces. 


PREFACE. 


Dominion  Dental  Council. 

The  Dominion  Dental  Council  of  Canada  is  a  central  organ- 
ization under  the  control  of  the  dental  profession  of  Canada.  Its 
object  is  to  erect  and  maintain  a  standard  of  education  and  ethics 
for  the  dental  profession,  and  to  conduct  professional  examina- 
tions and  issue  Certificates  of  Qualification  which  shall  be  ac- 
cepted without  further  examination  by  the  provinces. 

For  information  concerning  the  requirements  of  the  Domin- 
ion Dental  Council,  apply  to  Dr.  W.  D.  Cowan,  Secretary  of  the 
Dominion  Dental  Council,  Regina,  Sask.,  or  to  the  Dental  Regis- 
trar of  any  province. 


I.  i;  \  T  A  l.      I.  A  WS      CO  ND  K  X  S  E  D.  47 


DOMINION  OF  CANADA. 


Board  of  the  Alberta   Dental  Associa- 
Alberta.  tion:  President,  Dr.  A.  E.  Jamieson,  Ed- 

monton; Vice-President,  Dr.  II.  G. 
Hoare,  Wetaskiwin;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Dr.  H.  F.  Whittaker, 
Edmonton.    Directors,  Dr.  A.  D.  Callum,  Dr.  E.  M.  Doyle. 

All  candidates  (excepting  holders  of  a  Dominion  Dental  Cer- 
tificate) must  take  an  examination  before  license  is  issued. 

Before  being  eligible  for  examination,  candidate  must  pre- 
sent a  certificate  of  Matriculation  in  Arts  in  the  Alberta  Univers- 
ity, or  its  equivalent,  and  also  a  diploma  from  a  college  recognized 
by  the  dental  law  of  Alberta. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary,  Dr.  H.  F. 
Whittaker.  Edmonton,  Alberta. 

Council  of  the  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
British  Columbia.       geons  of  British  Columbia :  President,  J. 
M.  McLaren,  L.D.S.,  Vancouver;  Regis- 
trar-Treasurer, H.  T.  Minogue,  D.D.S.,  Vancouver;  F.  P.  Smith, 
Ml  VS..  New  Westminster;  W.  R.  Spencer,  D.D.S.,  Vancouver; 
A.  l'.righouse,  D.D.S.,  Vancouver. 

The  qualifications  requisite  for  registration  as  a  member  of 
the  College  of  Dental  Surgeons  of  British  Columbia  are  as  fol- 
lows:  A  certificate  of  matriculation  in  the  Faculty  of  Arts  at  a 
Canadian  university,  or  its  equivalent;  a  diploma  from  some  den- 
tal college  recognized  by  the  American  Association  of  Dental 
Faculties,  and  also  examination  on  the  following  subjects,  both 
oral  and  written,  viz. :  Chemistry,  materia  medica,  therapeutics, 
histology,  bacteriology,  pathology,  anesthesia,  operative  den- 
tistry, orthodontia,  oral  surgery,  prosthodontia,  metallurgy, 
crown  and  bridge  work,  anatomy,  physiology  and  hygiene. 

Besides,  the  applicant  will  be  required  to  do  the  following 
work  in  the  mouth,  viz.:  A  full  and  partial  denture  (vulcanite, 
not  less  than  four  teeth),  full  and  partial  denture  (gold  or  silver, 
not  less  than  four  teeth),  bridge  (not  less  than  four  teeth)  and 
porcelain  carved  crown;  also  two  gold  fillings,  two  amalgam  fill- 
ings in  the  mouth  and  a  porcelain  inlay  for  deposil  with  the  ex- 
aminer. 

Applicants  are  required  to  furnish  patients,  materials,  instru- 
ments and  make  application  to  the  Registrar-Treasurer,  stating 


48  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

qualifications,  at  least  one  month  previous  to  the  examination. 
Fee  of  $50  must  accompany  the  application. 

Registration,  if  successful,  $10.    Annual  license  fee.  Sio. 

An  average  of  70  is  required  for  a  pass. 

No  supplementary  examinations ;  no  conditional  licenses  and 
no  special  examination  granted  to  practitioners  already  in  prac- 
tise. 

No  interchange  of  license. 

For  further  information,  address  the  registrar.  Dr.  H.  T. 
Minogue,  510  Granville  street,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Board    of   Directors    of   the    Manitoba 

Manitoba.  Dental    Association :    President,    G.    F. 

Bush,  Winnipeg;  Secretary,  D.  N.  Ross, 

Winnipeg;    Registrar,    H.    A.    Croll,    Sourie ;    Treasurer,    J.    M. 

Rogers,   Boissevain;  M.   H.   Garvin,   Winnipeg;   John   Dickson, 

Brandon. 

The  board  meets  for  the  examination  of  students  in  the  city 
of  Winnipeg  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  January  and  July. 

Examinations.  By-Law  8 :  "All  applicants  for  license  other 
than  those  possessing  certificates  of  registration  from  the  Domin- 
ion Dental  Council  are  required  to  pass  an  examination  on  the 
following  subjects:  Histology,  anatomy,  chemistry,  physiology, 
materia  medica  and  therapeutics,  dental  pathology,  dental  medi- 
cine and  surgery,  operative  dentistry,  prosthetic  dentistry  and 
orthodontia,  and  to  perform  operations  before  examiners,  to  ex- 
hibit specimens  of  his  skill  as  a  mechanical  dentist,  and,  if  called 
upon,  to  construct  practical  cases  in  the  presence  of  an  exam- 
iner." 

Practical  requirements :  "One  porcelain  inlay.  One  gold 
inlay.  One  baked  porcelain  crown.  One  piece  bridgework  (not 
less  than  four  teeth,  including  abutments).  One  full  or  partial 
denture  or  vulcanite  on  articulator.  One  full  or  partial  denture 
on  metallic  base.  One  or  more  gold  fillings.  One  or  more  plas- 
tic fillings.  Preparation  and  filling  root  canals.  Diagnosis  and 
treatment  of  orthodontia  cases  including  appliances.  Diagnosis 
and  treatment  of  pathological  conditions  of  the  mouth." 

Registration  fee,  $2,  payable  second  Monday  in  each  year. 
Matriculation  fee,  $10.  Examination  fee  $40.  Fees  for  supple- 
mental examination,  $5  for  each  subject. 

Xo  person  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  under  this  act 
unless  he  shall  satisfy  the  Registrar  by  proper  evidence :  First, 
that  he  has  fulfilled  all  the  requirements  for  graduation  in  any 
one  of  the  colleges  or  dental  schools  in  the  United  States  of 
America,  recognized  by  the  National  Association  of  Dental  Fac- 
ulties, or  in  any  other  college  or  dental  school  recognized  by  the 
council. 


DEN  T  A  I.      I.  A  WS      CO  N  D  E  N  -  E  D. 

Application  blanks  and  all  necessary  information  will  be 
furnished  on  application  (with  stamp)  to  the  secretary.  Dr.  D. 
Norman  Ross,  482  Main  street.  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 

The  granting  of  license  is  vested  in  the 
New  Brunswick.        Council    of    Dental    Surgeons    of    New 
Brunswick;  Registrar,  Dr.  F.  A.  Godsoe, 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 

The  New  Brunswick  dental  law  contains  the  following  pro- 
visions : 

Section  6,  Section  1410k.  There  is  hereby  added  to  said  chap- 
ter, a  section  which  shall  be  known  as  Section  1410k,  which  shall 
read  as  follows:  "Section  1410k.  Said  State  Board  of  Dental  Ex- 
aminers shall  have  power  to  inquire  into  the  qualifications  and 
representations  of  any  applicants  for  a  license  to  practise  den- 
tistry, and  for  such  purposes  shall  have  power  to  send  for  wit- 
nesses, papers  and  documents  and  to  administer  oaths." 

Section  18.  All  persons  who  shall  hereafter  enter  upon  the 
study  of  dentistry,  with  a  view  of  being  registered  under  this 
chapter,  are  required,  subject  to  the  exception  in  favor  of  grad- 
uates and  matriculants  in  arts  in  any  college  or  university  in 
good  standing,  to  pass  a  preliminary  examination  before  the 
Board  of  Examiners  mentioned  in  Section  20  of  this  chapter; 
such  examination  to  be  equivalent,  as  near  as  may  be,  to  the 
matriculation  examination  of  the  University  of  New  Brunswick; 
provided,  that  graduates  in  arts,  or  matriculants  in  arts  in  any 
college  or  university,  in  good  standing,  shall  not  be  required  to 
pass  the  preliminary  examinations. 

Section  19.  No  person  shall  be  received  as  a  candidate  for 
the  preliminary  examination  unless  he  shall,  at  least  thirty  days 
prior  to  the  time  of  such  examination,  forward  to  the  Registrar  a 
written  notice  of  his  intention  to  present  himself  for  such  exam- 
ination, and  shall,  before  such  examination,  satisfy  the  Registrar 
that  he  is  of  the  full  age  of  sixteen  years,  and  pay  to  the  Regis- 
trar a  fee  of  five  dollars. 

Section  24.  Every  person  who  shall  have  fulfilled  the  re- 
quirements for  entry  as  such,  shall  be  entered  by  the  Registrar  as 
a  student  in  dentistry,  and  the  Registrar  shall  make  a  memoran- 
dum of  the  date  of  such  entry  as  student. 

Section  25.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as 
provided  for  by  the  New  Brunswick  Dental  Act,  and  Acts  in 
amendment  thereof,  unless  he  shall,  at  or  before  making  applica- 
tion, or  when  an  examination  is  necessary,  before  such  examina- 
tion, pay  to  the  Registrar  the  sum  of  twenty  dollars,  and  shall 
satisfy  the  Registrar : 

1   That  he  is  of  the  full  age  of  twenty-one  years. 


50  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

(2)  That  he  has  given  three  months'  notice  in  writing  of  his 
intention  to  make  application  for  registry. 

(3)  That  he  has  resided  continuously  within  the  Province 
during  such  period  of  three  months  (but  the  attendance  of  a  resi- 
dent of  this  Province  who  is  practising  his  study  of  dentistry 
abroad  at  any  dental  college  or  school,  of  good  standing,  ap- 
proved by  the  National  Association  of  Dental  Faculties,  and  re- 
quiring for  graduation  an  attendance  of  at  least  three  school 
years  of  nine  months  each,  or  four  school  years  of  seven  months 
each,  shall  not,  for  the  purpose  of  this  section,  be  deemed  a  resi- 
dent out  of  the  Province). 

(4)  Either: 

(a)  That  he  has  fulfilled  all  requirements  for  graduation  in 
some  dental  college  or  school  as  aforesaid,  and  received  a  degree 
therefrom,  and  has  passed  an  examination  before  said  Board  of 
Examiners,  in  subjects  prescribed  by  the  council  of  the  said  New 
Brunswick  Dental  Society;  or  . 

(b)  That  he  was  practising  dentistry  in  this  Province  prior 
to  the  twenty-third  day  of  April,  1890,  and  has  since  that  time 
(except  while  he  may  have  been  attending  such  dental  college 
or  school  as  aforesaid)  continued  regularly  to  practise  as  a  den- 
tist or  dental-surgeon  in  this  Province ;  or, 

(c)  That  he  had  been  registered  or  admitted  or  licensed  to 
practise  as  a  dentist  or  dental-surgeon  in  any  other  Province  of 
Canada  in  which  the  standard  of  admission  is  equal  to  that  re- 
quired for  admission  in  this  Province,  and  in  which  persons  regis- 
tered or  admitted  or  licensed  to  practise  there ;  provided,  that  a 
certificate  from  the  Dominion  Dental  Council  shall,  if  the  said 
Council  of  the  New  Brunswick  Dental  Society  think  proper  to 
receive  the  same,  be  evidence  of  such  registration,  license  or  ad- 
mission in  such  other  Province,  and  the  equality  of  such  standard. 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  registrar,  Dr.  F.  A.  God- 
soe,  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners  :  President, 

New  Foundland.        Dr.   A.    B.   Lehr,   203   Water  street,    St. 

John ;   Secretary,   Dr.   T.    P.    Smith,   203 

Water  street,  St.  John;  Dr.  T.  E.  Billiard,  St.  John.     Medical 

Board ;   Dr.    N.    S.   Frazier,    St.   John ;   Dr.    H.    Coperthwaite,    St. 

John ;  Dr.  Scully,  St.  John ;  Dr.  Duncan,  St.  John. 

Every  person  shall  be  entitled  to  have  his  name  registered 
on  the  registrar,  upon  passing  before  the  members  of  the  board, 
or  such  other  examiners  as  may  be  appointed  by  the  board  for 
that  purpose,  a  satisfactory  examination  touching  his  fitness  and 
capacity  to  practise  as  a  dentist  or  a  dental-surgeon  or  upon  satis- 
fying the  board : 


D  E.  N  T  A  L      I,  A  W  S      C  O  N  D  K  X  S  K  D.  5 1 

(a)  That  he  has  fulfilled  all  the  requirements  for  graduation 

and  graduated  in  any  college  or  dental  school,  recognized  by  the 
board  ;  i  »r 

tin  That  he  was  registered  under  the  provisions  of  "The 
Dental  Act,  1893"  and  was  practising  dentistry  in  the  colony  be- 
fore the  first  day  of  January,  A.  I  ).  1896.  and  has  since  that  time 
continued  regularly  in  practice  as  a  dentist  or  dental  surgeon; 

ided,  however,  that  temporary  absence  from  practice  in  this 

;iy  since-  that  date  shall  nol  prevent  his  being  registered 
within  thirty  days  after  the  passing  of  this  Act. 

Section  8.  "The  board  recognizes  no  colleges.  The  applicant 
must  pass  an  examination  before  he  is  entitled  to  practise  in  this 
Colony  (New  Foundland)." 

For  further  particulars,  address  the  secretary.  Dr.  T.  P. 
Smith.  203  Water  street,  St.  John.  Xew  Foundland. 

Provincial     Dental     Board     of     Xova 
Nova  Scotia.  Scotia :     President,     Dr.    Ff.    Woodbury, 

Halifax;  Secretary-Registrar,  Dr.  G.  K. 
Thomson,  Halifax;  Treasurer,  Dr.  A.  W.  Cogswell,  Halifax;  Dr. 
M.  P.  Harrington.  P.ridgewater ;  Dr.  A.  C.  Harding,  Yarmouth; 
Dr.  M.  K.  Langille.  Truro:  Dr.  Geo.  H.  Fluck,  Halifax;  Dr.  F. 
W.  Ryan,  Halifax:  Dr.  F.  Woodbury,  Halifax. 

A  candidate  for  license  to  practise  dentistry  must  qualify  as 
follows  : 

(a)  lie  must  be  the  full  age  of  twenty-one  years. 

(b)  He  must  forward  to  the  Secretary-Registrar  fourteen 
days  before  the  examination : 

(1)  A  written  application  for  examination,  accompanied  by 
a  satisfactory  certificate  of  character. 

(2)  The  license  fee  of  $20  must  be  paid  before  the  examin- 
ation takes  place. 

(3)  The  matriculation  certificate,  diploma,  class  tickets  and 
any  other  vouchers  considered  necessary. 

(4)  A  written  statement  from  himself  and  attested  certificate 
from  preceptor  or  preceptors  as  to  length  of  time  in  months  he 
was  studying  under  his  or  their  direction.  Rdanks  will  be  sup- 
plied by  the  Secretary-Registrar  for  this  purpose. 

(5)  He  shall  pass  an  examination  before  the  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers on  the  subjects  usually  included  in  a  dental  education, 
and  shall  perform  operations  in  the  mouth,  and  give  practical  evi- 
dence of  skill  in  prosthetic  dentistry  which  shall  be  satisfactory 
to  the  board. 

Any  candidate  for  registration  as  a  practising  dentist  in  Nova 
Scotia  who  produces  to  the  Secretary-Registrar  satisfactory  cer- 
tificates of  having  passed   in   some  dental   college  or  university 


52  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED. 

recognized  by  the  Dominion  Dental  Council  of  Canada  in  the  fol- 
lowing subjects  may  be  exempted  from  further  examination  upon 
such  subjects:  Anatomy,  chemistry,  biology,  physics,  histology, 
physiology. 

Professional  examinations  shall  be  held  twice  during  the 
year,  in  April  and  September,  respectively. 

For  dates  of  examination  and  further  particulars,  apply  to 
the  secretary-registrar,  Dr.  George  K.  Thomson,  St.  Paul  Build- 
ing, Halifax,  Nova  Scotia. 

Board  of  Examiners :  Presiding  Exam- 
Ontario,  .iner,  W.  E.  Willmott,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S., 
Toronto ;  C.  B.  Shuttleworth,  M.D.,  CM., 
Toronto,  examines  in  anatomy;  F.  A.  Clarkson,  M.B.,  Toronto, 
examines  in  physiology;  W.  A.  Black,  B.A.,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S., 
Toronto,  examines  in  physics;  W.  C.  Trotter,  B.A.,  L.D.S., 
D.D.S.,  Toronto,  examines  in  theoretical  and  practical  chemistry; 
W.  C.  Gowan,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Peterboro,  examines  in  histology; 
Wm.  Goldie,  M.B.,  Toronto,  examines  in  bacteriology;  A.  E. 
Santo,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  London,  examines  in  surgery;  Chas.  F. 
Walt,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Sterling,  examines  in  medicine;  W.  H. 
Doherty,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Toronto,  examines  in  dental  anatomy 
and  comparative  dental  anatomy;  W.  C.  Davy,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S., 
Morrisburg,  examines  in  prosthetic  technic ;  H.  E.  Klingner, 
L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Toronto,  examines  in  metallurgy;  C.  E.  Sale, 
M.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Goderich,  examines  in  dental  materia  medica  and 
pharmacology;  W.  J.  Fear,  L.D.S.,  Aylmer,  examines  in  opera- 
tive dentistry  and  pathology;  A.  V.  Lester,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Ham- 
ilton, examines  in  prosthetic  dentistry;  C  A.  Kennedy,  L.D.S., 
D.D.S.,  Toronto,  examines  in  orthodontia ;  F.  T.  Coghlan,  L.D.S., 
D.D.S..  Guelph,  examines  in  science  and  practice  of  dentistry;  G. 
Silverthorne,  M.B.,  Toronto,  and  G.  M.  Hermiston,  B.A.,  L.D.S., 
D.D.S.,  Toronto,  examine  in  jurisprudence,  history  and  ethics  of 
dentistry;  W.  E.  Willmott,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.,  Toronto,  examines  in 
practical  prosthetic  dentistry;  A.  A.  Stewart,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S., 
Toronto,  examines  in  practical  operative  dentistry. 

The  examinations  are  held  in  the  City  of  Toronto. 

Dental  Laws  of  Ontario.  The  Act  respecting  dentistry.  Re- 
vised Statutes  of  Ontario,  1897,  Chapter  178.  Excerpts,  Section 
15.  "The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  College  (The  Royal  College 
of  Dental  Surgeons,  of  Ontario)  shall  also  have  authority  to  ex- 
amine candidates  and  grant  certificates  of  license  to  practise  den- 
tal surgery  in  this  Province.    R.  S.  O.  C.  150,  S.  13." 

Sec.  26.  (1)  "No  person  who  is  not  a  member  of  the  said 
Royal  College  of  Dental  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  shall  practise  the 
profession  of  dentistry,  or  perform  any  dental  operation  upon, 
or  prescribe  any  dental  treatment  for  any  patient  for  hire,  gain 


D  K  \"  T  A  I.      I.   IWS      CO  N  D  i:  \  S  K  D.  53 

or  hope  of  reward,  whether  by  way  of  fees,  salary,  rent,  percent- 
age of  receipts  or  in  any  other  form  whatever,  or  shall  pretend  to 

hold,  or  take  or  use  any  name,  title,  addition  or  description  im- 
plying that  he  holds  a  certificate  of  license  to  practise  dentistry 
or  that  he  is  a  member  of  the  said  Royal  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
geons of  Ontario,  or  shall  falsely  represent  or  use  title,  represent- 
ing that  he  is  a  graduate  of  any  dental  college." 

(2)  "Every  person  who  contravenes  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  shall,  for  each  offence,  incur  a  penalty  of  $20." 

(3)  "Provided  thai  this  section  shall  not  prevent  any  duly 
indentured  and  registered  student  of  dentistry  from  receiving  in- 
struction in  clinics  and  practice  under  the  personal  supervision  of 
the  members  of  the  college.    R.  S.  O.  1887.    C.  150  S.  22." 

Blank  applications  and  all  information  can  be  obtained  from 
the  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  J.  Branston  Willmott,  96 
College  street,  Toronto,  Ontario. 

The  Prince  Edward  Island  Dental  Act 
Prince  Edward  Island,  of  1902,  incorporates  the  Dental  Society 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  which  controls 
under  the  law  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  this  Province: 

A  register  of  legal  practitioners  must  be  kept,  and  no  name 
can  be  recorded  therein  without  a  duly  issued  certificate,  issued 
by  the  Provincial  Secretary ;  I  quote  from  Section  9  of  the  Act : 
"That  such  certificate  shall  be  issued  by  the  Provincial  Secretary 
upon  production  to  him  of  diploma  of  graduation  in  dental  sur- 
gery from  the  Faculty  of  a  Canadian  university,  having  a  special 
dental  department,  or  from  any  such  institution  duly  authorized 
by  the  laws  of  Great  Britain  or  any  of  her  dependencies,  or  from 
any  dental  college  in  the  United  States  of  America,  recognized  by 
the  National  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  of  the  said  United 
States  of  America."  The  fee  for  this  certificate  is  $5 — and  the 
council,  consisting  of  five  members  of  the  society  annually 
elected,  can  establish  an  annual  fee ;  quite  a  severe  penalty  can 
be  meted  out  to  one  practising  without  obtaining  this  certificate 
of  registration. 

No  person  can  practise  dentistry  for  fee  or  otherwise  in  any 
public  street  or  common  or  in  any  park  square  or  in  any  other 
public  place,  without  liability  to  prosecution  and  penalty.  "Any 
person  holding  the  degree  of  B.A.  from  any  University  recog- 
nized by  the  By-Laws  of  the  society,  or  any  one  holding  a  second 
year  certificate  from  the  Prince  of  Wales  College,  shall  not  be 
required  to  pass  the  matriculation  examination.  Any  person  in 
possession  of  a  diploma  from  a  college  of  dentistry,  recognized 
by  the  council  may  be  registered  by  the  registrar  without  examin- 
ation, provided  that  he  possesses  the  scholastic  qualifications  re- 
quired by  the  By-Laws  of  the  society,  otherwise  the  applicant 


54  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

must  pass  the  matriculation  examination,  hereinbefore  mentioned. 
This  requisite  is  practically  such  qualification  as  would  enable 
one  to  matriculate  at  any  first-class  college.  A  candidate  for  a 
license  to  practise  dentistry  must  qualify  as  follows :  He  must  be 
of  the  full  age  of  21  years;  he  must  forward  to  the  secretary- 
register-treasurer  14  days  before  examination,  a  written  applica- 
tion accompanied  by  a  satisfactory  certificate  of  character,  the 
license  fee  of  $15  must  be  paid  before  the  examination  takes 
place ;  the  matriculation  certificate  must  also  be  produced  or  sat- 
isfactory evidence  given  of  its  having  been  granted ;  he  must 
pass  an  examination  before  the  Board  of  Examiners  on  the  sub- 
jects usually  included  in  a  dental  examination,  and  shall  perform 
operations  in  the  mouth  and  give  practical  evidence  of  skill  in 
prosthetic  dentistry. 

The  examinations  shall  be  written,  oral  and  clinical  and  com- 
prise the  following  subjects :  General  and  practical  anatomy,  phy- 
siology, chemistry,  operative  dentistry,  dental  therapeutics  and 
other  branches,  usually  required  for  a  dental  education.  A  can- 
didate is  required  to  make  65  per  cent,  in  all  papers  to  pass  the 
matriculation  examination.  60  per  cent,  passes  in  the  case  of  a 
candidate  for  license  to  practise  dentistry.  Again  I  quote :  "Any 
person  holding  a  certificate  of  qualification  from  the  Dominion 
Dental  Council,  recently  organized,  shall  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered and  have  his  name  entered  in  the  'Prince  Edward  Island 
Dental  Register'  as  a  qualified  practitioner." 

Board  of  Governors  and  Examiners : 
Quebec.  President,  A.  A.  Lantier,  D.D.S.,  Quebec; 

Vice-President,  G.  W.  Oliver.  D.D.S., 
.Montreal;  Secretary,  Eudore  Dubeau,  D.D.S.,  Montreal;  Treas- 
urer. C.  F.  Morison,  D.D.S.,  Montreal;  D.  J.  Berwick,  D.D.S., 
Montreal:  J.  Xolin,  D.D.S.,  Montreal;  G.  H.  Kent,  D.D.S.,  E. 
Lemieux,  D.D.S.,  Montreal;  J.  S.  A.  Gendreau,  D.D.S..  Montreal; 
S.  Ikirns,  D.D.S.,  Montreal;  F.  II.  Bradley,  D.D.S..  Montreal. 
Examinations  are  held  in  April  and  September. 

Dental    Laws    of    Quebec.      Examinations    and    Indentures. 

Section  1.  The  matriculation  examination  as  required  by  the 
Hoard  of  Governors  must  be  passed  before  the  applicant  for  the 
license  can  be  indentured  and  registered  as  a  dental  student. 

Pachelors  of  a  recognized  British  or  Canadian  university  are 
exempt  from  the  matriculation  examination.  Applicants  for 
matriculation  must  be  17  years  of  age  and  must  present  a  certifi- 
cate that  they  are  persons  of  integrity  and  good  morals.  Candi- 
dates wishing  to  take  the  matriculation  examination  must  make 
application  in  person  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  at  least  five 
days  before  the  examination,  accompanied  with  the  treasurer's 
receipt. 


I>  F.  \  T  A  I.      I.  A  W  S      CO  N  D  I'.  N  S  E  D.  55 

Sec.  2.   The  fee  for  matriculation  shall  be  twenty  ($20)  dol- 
lars, ten  dollars  of  which  shall  be  refunded  to  unsuccessful  can 
didates. 

Sec.  3.  The  fee  for  registration  as  a  dental  student  shall  he- 
five  ($5)  dollars. 

Sec  4.  The  secretary  will  supply  the  only  forms  of  inden- 
ture, recognized  by  the  hoard.  They  may  he-  altered  in  the  mar- 
gin to  suit  any  private  arrangement,  between  preceptor  and  stu- 
dent, not  inconsistent  with  the  Act  of  Incorporation  of  these  By- 
Laws. 

Sec.  5.  The  examinations  are  held  at  the  end  of  each  calendar 
year.  In  the  subjects  of  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry  and  his- 
tology, the  Students  take  the  courses  of  lectures  and  the  examin- 
ations of  the  medical  universities  to  which  the  College  of  Dental 
Surgeons  of  the  Province  of  Quebec  sends  Assessors,  at  the  end 
of  the  first  and  second  year  respectively;  students  have  to  die 
the  whole  body.    The  final  examination  will  be  before  the  hoard. 

Sec.  (>.  Applicants  for  the  final  must  produce  satisfactory 
proof  that  their  whole  office  hours  have  been  actively  engaged  in 
the  study  and  practice  of  dentistry,  and  not  engaged  in  any  other 
business;  must  have  transmitted  to  the  secretary,  at  least  one 
month  before  the  date  fixed  for  the  examination,  a  notice  of  their 
desire  to  he  examined,  accompanied  by  the  treasurer's  receipt 
for  the  fee  ^\  $66,  together  with  the  certified  proof  of  85  per  cent. 
attendance  upon  lectures  and  clinics,  and  a  personal  declaration 
signed  by  the  preceptor,  according  to  the  form  prescribed  by  the 
board  or  to  the  like  effect;  and  also  a  certificate  of  having  passed 
the  required  matriculation  examination  with  a  copy  of  the  inden- 
tures. Applicants  must  give  proof  that  they  are  of  the  full  age 
of  twenty-one  before  receiving  a  license. 

Sec.  7.  The  subjects  of  the  final  examination  will  he  as  fol- 
lows: Operative  dentistry,  theory  and  practice  (two  subject-. 
(2)  Mechanical  dentistry,  theory  and  practice  (two  subjects). 
<  3  1  Crown  and  bridge  work  and  practice  (two  subjects).  (4) 
Dental  therapeutics  and  materia  medica.  (5)  Dental  pathology 
and  bacteriology.  (6)  Metallurgy.  (7)  Dental  surgery  and  irreg- 
ularities (two  subjects).  (8)  Anaesthetics  and  hygiene.  (9)  Den- 
tal jurisprudence. 

Sec.  8.  The  oral  examination  will  be  conducted  before  the 
board. 

Sec.  9.  The  practical  examination  in  operative  and  mechan- 
ical dentistry  shall  be  held  within  thirty  days  before  the  written 
examination  at  a  date  fixed  by  the  board.  Students  must  supply 
their  own  patients,  material  and  instruments. 

Sec.  10.    In  the  final  examinations,  students  must  obtain  at 


56  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

least  50  per  cent,  in  each  subject  and  60  per  cent,  on  the  whole. 
100  is  the  maximum ;  75  and  over  is  first  class ;  66  is  second  class. 

Sec.  11.  Candidates  who  fail  in  any  one  or  more  subjects  of 
the  primary,  will  be  obliged  to  pass  subsequently  upon  the  sub- 
jects in  which  they  have  failed  and  will  not  be  eligible  for  final 
until  they  have  passed  all  the  primary.  Candidates  who  fail  in 
any  one  or  more  subjects  in  the  final,  will  be  obliged  subsequently 
to  pass  in  all  the  final  subjects  in  which  they  were  examined. 

Sec.  12.  Examinations  will  be  held  at  the  regular  meeting 
of  the  board  in  April  and  supplementary  examinations  in  October 
of  each  year  in  accordance  with  the  act  of  incorporation.  A  sup- 
plementary examination  shall  only  be  held  provided  that  the  can- 
didates can  provide  a  sum  sufficient  to  cover  the  necessary  ex- 
penses, which  sum  will  be  decided  by  the  board. 

Sec.  13.  The  fee  to  be  paid  for  the  certificate  of  license  shall 
be  $60,  and  the  candidates  who  fail  to  pass  the  final  will  be  re- 
funded $30. 

Sec.  14.  The  examinations  under  Art.  4081,  Act  of  Incorp., 
will  comprise :  Prosthetic  dentistry  in  metals,  vulcanite,  etc., 
theory  and  practice  (two  subjects);  dental  metallurgy;  crown 
and  bridge  work,  theory  and  practice  (two  subjects)  ;  dental 
pathology,  therapeutics  and  materia  medica  (two  subjects)  ; 
operative  dentistry,  theory  and  practice  (two  subjects)  ;  irregu- 
larities and  dental  surgery  (two  subjects). 

In  the  case  of  applicants  for  the  license  who  have  success- 
fully passed  the  D.D.S.  exams,  of  the  universities,  the  board  may 
waive  further  examination  on  the  recommendation  of  its  as- 
sessors. 

For  further  information,  apply  to  the  secretary,  Dr.  Eudore 
Dubeau,  Montreal,  Quebec,  Canada. 

Council  of  the  Saskatchewan   College 

Saskatchewan.  of  Dental  Surgeons  :  President,  Dr.  W.  D. 
Cowan,  Regina ;  Vice-President,  Dr.  L. 
D.  Keown,  Moosomin ;  Secretary-Treasurer  and  Registrar,  Dr.  L. 
J.  D.  Fasken,  Regina;  Dr.  F.  C.  Harwood ;  Dr.  W.  W.  Irwin. 

Requirements :  Professional  examination  for  all  graduates. 
Preliminary  examination  for  all  those  graduates  who  cannot  pro- 
duce certificates  to  show  matriculation  in  arts  in  university. 

Examinations  are  held  at  Regina,  Sask.,  during  the  months 
of  January  and  July. 

Interchanges  are  made  with  the  Dominion  Dental  Council ; 
certificate  is  recognized  without  examination. 

For  fuller  particulars,  write  the  registrar,  Dr.  L,.  J.  D. 
Fasken,  Scarth  street,  Regina,  Sask. 


I)  E  N  T  A  r.     I,  A  \v  s     C  0  N  D  B  N  S  i.  D.  57 

Yukon  Dental  Board:  President,  C.  H. 

Yukon  Territory.  Wells,  Dawson;  Secretary-Treasurer.  A. 
J.  Gillis,  Dawson. 

All  persons  not  holding  diplomas  from  dental  colleges  in 
Canada,  Great  Britain  or  in  any  of  the  dependencies  of  Great 
Britain,  must  pass  an  examination  before  a  dental  board,  ap- 
pointed by  the  Commissioner  of  the  Yukon  Territory. 

Therefore,  diplomas  held  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  a  foreign 
country  are  not  accepted.  Every  candidate  shall  produce  a 
diploma  of  graduation  from  a  dental  college  or  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  having  served  an  apprenticeship  as  provided  for  in  this 
ordinance,  and  pass  an  examination  in  the  following  subjects: 
Anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  histology,  materia  medica,  gen- 
eral and  dental  pathology,  therapeutics,  metallurgy,  operative  and 
prosthetic  dentistry,  oral  surgery  and  such  other  subjects  as  are 
presented  by  such  board  from  time  to  time,  and  approved  by  the 
commissioner. 

For  further  information,  write  the  secretary-registrar,  Dr.  A. 
J.  Gillis.  Dawson,  Yukon  Territory. 


PART  III. 

FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


FOREIGN   COUNTRIES. 


"Adis  Ababa.  Abyssinia,  March  6,  1912. 

"No  dental  laws  exist  in  this  country, 

Abyssinia.  and  no  license  or  diploma  is  required.    A 

diploma     from     any     special     college,     in 

America  or  elsewhere,  would  have  little  meaning  here.    There  is 

but  one  dentist  in  Abyssinia  at  present,  a  Greek,  who  holds  a 

position  at  the  native  court,  and  has  a  small  practice  in  town. 

No  opening  exists  here,  as  the  foreign  population  at  Adis  Ababa 

is  very  small,  the  capital  being  situated  nearly  three  hundred 

miles  from  the  railway  terminus.     At  Dire  Dawa.  however,  the 

town  is  increasing  in  size  owing  to  the  advance  of  the  railroad, 

but  I  should  judge  hardly  sufficient  for  a  permanent  location  at 

this  time.     I    should   not   consider   Abyssinia   a   profitable   field, 

according  to  the  standards  of  the  American  dentist,  for  some  time 

to  come." 

"Algiers.  Algeria.  February  20.  1912. 
"Relative   to  the   possibilities   and   re- 
Algeria,  quirements  of  dentistry  in  this  country.  I 
am  pleased  to  inform  you  as  follows : 

1.  The  possibilities,  particularly  in  Algiers  at  the  present 
time,  are  very  good,  as  there  is  only  one  English-speaking  dentist 
on  the  coast. 

2.  The  requirements  are  the  same  as  those  in  France,  i.  c, 
three  years'  study  in  a  professional  school;  after  graduation,  an 
examination  before  the  medical  faculty.  The  same  laws  apply  to 
Tunisia." 

NOTE. — The  new  dental  law,  which  went  into  force  in  France  in 
November,  191 1,  has  lengthened  the  course  to  five  years;  two  years  to  be 
spent  in  probationary  work  in  a  dentist's  office  or  a  laboratory  of  a  dental 
college,  and  three  years  of  actual  attendance  at  a  recognized  dental  college. 

"Aden.  Arabia,  December  11,  191 1. 
"No  license  is  required  to  practise  den- 
Arabia,  tistry  in  Aden.     English  and  American 
dentists  who  visit  this  port  practise  their 
profession  in  their  hotels  for  a  period  of  from  one  to  two  months. 
As  natives  do  not  generally  care  for  dental  work,  there  is  no  hope 
of  a  good  business  here." 

61 


62  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

"Buenos  Ayres,  Argentina.  February  25,  191 2. 

"You   cannot  practise   in  this   country 
Argentine  Republic,    without  previously  passing  the  full  series 
of  examinations  required  by  the  Faculty 
from  Argentine  students. 

"Diplomas  from  foreign  countries  of  doctors  of  medicine, 
pharmacists,  dentists  and  midwives  must  be  duly  legalized  by  the 
Department  of  State  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and,  furthermore,  be 
vised  by  the  Argentine  Minister  or  the  Argentine  Consul  for 
the  State  where  the  diploma  is  issued.  The  legalization  of  signa- 
tures and  seal  should  be  on  the  diploma  itself,  or  attached  to  the 
same  by  a  ribbon,  under  seal. 

"The  diploma  must  be  translated  into  the  Spanish  language 
by  a  public  translator  of  the  Argentine  Republic. 

"The  diploma  must  be  legalized  by  the  Argentine  Minister  of 
Public  Instruction,  and  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  Matriculation  Board  of  the  University  Faculty,  the 
applicant  receiving  from  this  board  the  necessary  information  as 
to  all  the  preliminary  steps  for  entering  upon  the  course  of 
studies. 

"The  curriculum  for  the  revalidation  of  a  diploma  is  the  same 
as  for  students  of  the  university. 

"The  fee  for  revalidation  of  a  dental  diploma  is  $148.61  (U.  S. 
currency). 

"The  examinations  must  be  progressive,  i.  e.,  the  full  course 
from  the  lower  to  the  higher  studies. 

"In  case  of  failure  of  the  applicant  to  pass  he  can  apply  later 
for  re-examination. 

"The  time  for  the  examinations  are  the  months  of  March, 
July  and  December." 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 
"The  dental  laws  of  this  colony  require 
Australia.  that  a  person  from  a  foreign  country,  de- 

siring to  practise  here,  shall  furnish  proof 
of  having  been  in  practice  for  at  least  twelve  months  elsewhere 
than  in  New  South  Wales;  and  be  the  holder  of  a  recognized 
certificate  and  prove  that  he  is  of  good  character,  together  with 
payment  of  necessary  fees. 

"The  necessary  diploma  is  defined  in  our  By-Laws,  No.  34, 
as  being  the  license  or  diploma  of  a  qualified  board  or  other  body, 
which  permits  its  holder  to  practise  dentistry  in  the  country  in 
which  it  has  been  obtained  and  which  has  been  granted  after  (a) 
entrance  examination  equivalent  to  the  matriculation  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Sydney,  (b)  four  years'  study,  (c)  examination  in  all 
the  subjects  of  our  curriculum. 


DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED.  63 

"As  far  as  1  know,  the  only  American  diplomas  that  comply 
with  these  conditions  are  the  special  four  years'  course  of  the 
Northwest  University  of  Chicago  and  the  special  four  years' 
course  of  the  Pennsylvania  University,  but  of  course  there  may 
be  others." 

Members  of  the  New  South  Whales  Dental  Board:  Presi- 
dent,  Donald  Smith,  Esq.;  Professor  Anderson  Stuart  (ex-officio 
member  of  board);  Dr.  E.  R.  Magnus  (ex-officio  member  of 
board)  ;  Dr.  A.  IJurne,  Dr.  P.  Ash  and  A.  \V.  Cleary,  dental  mem- 
bers of  board;  Dr.  Maitland  Gledden  and  Dr.  J.  J.  Kelly,  medical 
members  of  board ;  Registrar,  Horace  Taylor. 

The  Dental  Board  of  Victoria  (Australia),  in  conjunction 
with  the  University  of  Victoria  and  the  Australian  College  of 
Dentistry,  now  grants  a  dental  diploma  (L.  D.  S.),  which  is 
acknowledged  by  the  General  Medical  Council  as  qualifying  for 
registration  so  long  as  the  council  is  satisfied  that  the  standard 
of  curriculum  and  examination  are  kept  up  to  the  requirements 
of  dental  education  in  Great  Britain.  It  is  understood  that  at 
present  the  council  is  assured  that  the  regulations  as  to  prelim- 
inary examination  and  instruction  by  lectures  and  hospital  cur- 
riculum, followed  by  professional  examinations,  are  practically 
the  same  as  those  of  corresponding  qualifying  bodies  in  the 
United  Kingdom. 

"Prague,  Bohemia,  Austria,  May  23,  191 1. 
"Those  who  have  obtained  the  degree 
Austria.  of  doctor  of  medicine  in  Austria,  in  an 

Austrian  university,  may  practise  den- 
tistry here.  If  foreigners  desire  to  practise  dentistry  here,  they 
are  required  to  pass  the  examinations  required  by  an  Austrian 
university,  that  is  to  say,  the  examination  in  the  official  language 
of  the  university.  I  now  refer  to  the  regular  dentist,  one  who  is 
permitted  to  perform  any  operation  connected  with  filling  teeth, 
extracting  teeth  or  making  bridge  work.  Such  dentists  are  known 
as  Zahnarzt. 

"The  other  class  are  permitted  to  make  artificial  teeth  and  to 
perform  other  mechanical  work  in  connection  with  preparing 
teeth  (sort  of  dentist's  assistants),  but  are  not  permitted  to 
practise  dentistry  in  their  own  names.  There  are  no  American  den- 
tists practising  in  this  city,  for  the  above  reasons." 

"St.  Michael's,  Azores,  March  16,  1912. 
"Under  a  law  of  the  Republic  of  Port- 
Azores,  ugal,    published    in    the    'Diairo    do    Gov- 
erno,'    No.  122,  of  May  26,  191 1,  no  for- 
eigners, regardless  of  status  or  qualifications,  are  permitted  to 


'64  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

practise  dentistry  in  Portugal  or  its  possessions.  The  Diairo  do 
Governo  is  an  official  publication,  and  we  are  unable  to  transmit 
a  translation  of  the  Act  referred  to." 

Barbadoes,  West  Indies,  Nov.  3,  191 1. 

"There  is  no  law  governing  the  prac- 

Barbadoes.  tice  of  dentistry  in  this  island ;  anyone 

can  practise.    There  is  no  license  granted, 

nor  are  any  examinations  held.     In  my  opinion,  the  market  is 

over-stocked  with  dentists." 

"Brussels,  Belgium,  February  12,  1912. 

"It  would  be  useless  for  an  American 

Belgium.  to   come  to   Belgium  to  try  to   practise 

dentistry,  unless  he  wished  to  undergo  a 

medical  examination,  as  a  law  has  been  drafted  to  this  effect,  but 

not  yet  passed,  and  since  a  few  years  no  other  examinations  have 

been  made." 

"Hamilton,  Bermuda,  October  30,  191 1. 
"There  are  many  dentists  here  and  I 
Bermuda.  do  not  think  that  additional  practitioners 

would  be  able  to  make  a  living.  A  copy 
of  the  Dental  Registration  Act,  for  Bermuda,  is  submitted  here- 
with." 

The  Dental  Registration  Act  for  Bermuda  is  dated  April  4, 
191 1,  and  provides  as  follows: 

1.  (1)  Registration  for  dentists  already  practising  five  years 
immediately  preceding  April  4,  191 1. 

(2)  The  registration  of  certificates  granted  by  the  Dental 
Board. 

2.  The  publication  ©f  the  names  of  registered  dentists  in  the 
Gazette. 

3.  The  Colonial  Secretary  is  authorized  to  strike  off  the 
register  the  names  of  dentists,  deceased,  those  ceased  to  be  qual- 
ified, names  struck  off  the  roll,  register,  or  record,  "as  set  forth 
in  Section  10  of  this  Act." 

4.  Provision  is  made  for  registration  and  payment  of  two 
shillings  into  the  public  treasury,  through  the  Colonial  Secretary. 

5.  Provides  penalties  for  fraudulent  registration. 

6.  Creates  a  Dental  Board,  consisting  of  two  medical  and 
three  dental  practitioners. 

7.  Defines  the  duties  of  the  Dental  Board  to  consist  of  exam- 
ining documents  of  applicants  for  registration  and  conducting" 
theoretical  and  practical  examinations  when  credentials  are  not 
satisfactory. 


d  i:  n  t  a  i.    laws    co  x  i'  !•;  n  s  !•:  i).  65 

8.  Describes  conditions  under  which  the  Dental  Board  shall 
register : 

(a)  Five  years  practitioner's  clause,     1  See  Sec.  [.) 

(b)  Certificate  from  Dental   Board. 

(c)  Examination  by  the  Dental  Hoard. 

(d)  Approved     dental     diploma,     duly     authenticated     by 

proper  officials. 

(e)  Dental   hoard   authorized  to  make   rules,   define  stand- 

ards, judge  qualifications  and  decide  questions  ap 
proved  by  the  Governor  in  Council. 

9.  The  decision  of  the  Governor  in  Council  on  submitted 
points  shall  be  final. 

10.  The  Colonial  Secretary,  for  sufficient  cause,  after  giving 
dentist  a  hearing,  is  authorized  to  cancel  such  registration. 

11.  All  questions,  in  case  of  dispute,  shall  be  decided  by  the 
Governor  in  Council. 

1  j.  Provides  that  all  persons  registered  under  this  Act  shall 
"be  entitled  to  demand  and  recover  reasonable  charges  for  dental 
aid. 

13.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  recover  any  charge  in  any 
court  of  law,  unless  he  prove  upon  the  trial  that  he  is  registered 
under  this  Act. 

14.  If  any  dental  practitioner,  registered  under  this  Act,  is 
convicted  of  any  indictable  offense,  after  due  inquiry,  hearing, 
stating  particulars  of  case  in  full,  the  Governor-General  may 
thereafter  direct  board  to  strike  name  off  register,  provided  the 
name  may  be  afterwards  restored  at  request  of  board. 

15.  Provides  penalty  of  imprisonment  for  two  years,  or  fine 
of  one  hundred  pounds,  or  both,  for  fraudulent  registration. 

16.  Stipulates  that  anyone  convicted  before  any  two  justices 
of  the  peace  of  practising  dentistry  without  registration  shall  be 
fined  not  exceeding  twenty  pounds. 

17.  Exemption  of  registered  physicians  from  extracting  and 
treating  teeth  for  relief  of  pain,  and  bona  fide  students  of  den- 
tistry from  operating  "under  the  immediate  supervision  and  in 
the  presence  of  their  preceptor." 

"Legacion  de  Bolivia,  Washington,  D.  C. 
"In    Bolivia,    any    person    holding    a 
Bolivia.  proper  diploma   can   practise   the   dental 

profession,  passing  a  previous  examina- 
tion before  a  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  and-obtaining  a  license 
to  exercise  his  profession.  There  are  no  special  dental  laws  that 
I  know  of.  American  diplomas  must  be  legalized  at  the  State 
Department  in  Washington,  and  afterwards  the  signature  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  must  he  legalized  by  the  Bolivian  Consul  in 
New  York." 


66  N  T  A  L      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

"Para,  Brazil.  February  29,  1912. 

"'In  regard  to  the  legal  requirements  to 

Brazil.  be  complied  with  by  dentists  desiring  to 

locate  in   Brazil.  I   have  been   informed 

that  foreign  doctors  had  only  to  show  their  diplomas  and,  if  they 

were  from  recognized  institutions,  that  they  could  practise  where 

they  pleased.    This,  of  course,  would  in  a  measure  be  subject  to 

local  or  State  la~ 

"It  is  my  belief  that  this  city  does  not  offer  any  great  in- 
ducements for  a  foreign  dentist,  and  the  present  local  demand  is 
supplied  by  natives,  most  of  whom  received  their  education  in 
America.*' 

''Rio  de  Janeiro.  Brazil,  February  29,  1912. 
"In  order  to  obtain  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  Brazil, 
the  graduate  from  a  reputable  dental  college  in  the  United  States 
: :  America  would  be  compelled  to  undergo  a  technical  examina- 
tion of  the  most  comprehensive  sort  and  in  the  Portuguese 
language 

"British  East  Africa,  November  27,  191 1. 
"In  British  East  Africa,  dentists  are  re- 
British  East  Africa,     quired  to  be  registered,  but  'any  person 
who  can  satisfy  the  Registrar  that  he  is 
entitled  to  be  registered  in  the  United  Kingdom  as  a  colonial  or 
foreign  dentist'  is  entitled  to  registration.'"' 

town,  British  Guiana,  March  6.  1912. 

"An  American  diploma  from  a  repu- 
British  Guiana.  table  and  well-known  college  is  accepted, 
provided  that  proofs  are  submitted  that 
the  holder  of  the  diploma  is  the  one  to  whom  it  was  issued.  At 
present  there  are  no  openings  for  American  dentists  in  this 
ony.  There  are  two  American  dentists  here  and  another  (a.  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania)  is  about  to  open  up." 

The  Dental  Law  of  British  Guiana  is  dated  July  22.  1908. 
and  provides : 

5.  From  and  after  the  commencement  of  this  ordinance,  no 
person  shall  be  entitled  to  recover  any  fee  or  charge  in  any  court 
for  the  performance  of  any  dental  operation  or  for  any  dental 
attendance  or  advice,  unless  he  is  registered  under  this  ordinance. 
or  is  a  registered  medical  practitioner. 

6.  Any  person  who 

Is  registered  or  entitled  by  law  to  be  registered  as 
a  dentist  in  the  United  Kingdom  under  any  Act  for  the  time 
being  in  force ;  or, 


i  i  i.  x  T  a  h    laws    co  x  D  i:  x  s  )•:  d.  67 

(2)  Holds  a  certificate  granted  in  a  British  possession  or 
foreign  country,  for  tin-  time  being  recognized  by  the  Medi- 
cal Board  as  furnishing  a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the  posses- 
sion of  the  requisite  knowledge  and  skill  for  the  efficient 
practise  of  dentistry;  or, 

(3)  Is  at  the  commencement  of  this  ordinance  bona  fide 
engaged  in  this  colony  in  the  practice  of  dentistry,  either  sep- 
arately or  in  conjunction  with  the  practice  of  medicine,  sur- 
gery or  pharmacy, 

shall,  on  payment  of  a  fee  of  twenty-four  dollars,  be  entitled  to 
be  registered  under  this  ordinance. 

7.  The  Secretary  of  the  Medical  Board  shall  keep  a  register 
*  *  *  to  be  styled  the  Dentists'  Register,  of  all  persons  regis- 
tered as  dentists  under  this  ordinance. 

"Sandakan,  British  North  Borneo. 
"In   reference  to  the  practice  of  den- 
British  North  Borneo,  tistry  in  this  State  (Borneo),  I  beg  to  in- 
form you  that  there  are  no  laws  restrict- 
ing the  practice,  and  that  no  license  is  required." 

"The  Bulgarian  Government  has  stated 
Bulgaria.  in    a    communication    that    according    to 

Article  120  of  the  Law  on  Public  Health 
in  Bulgaria,  any  person  who  has  successfully  completed  the 
course  of  a  dental  school  and  who  desires  to  acquire  the  right  to 
practise  the  profession  of  dentistry  in  the  kingdom,  must  pass  an 
examination  called  the  'Colloquium,'  and  that  only  Bulgarian 
subjects  are  admitted  to  the  said  'Colloquium.'  ': 

"Teneriffe,  Canary  Is.,  April  2,  1912. 

"The  requirements  are  a  diploma  from 

Canary  Islands.         a    reputable    dental    college,    and    besides 

the  passing  of  a  Board  of  Examiners  in 

Madrid,  the  pavment  of  a  fee,  about  similar  to  the  requirements  of 

A.  boards." 

"Cape  Town,  Cape  Colony. 
"The  practice  of  dentistry  here  is  under 
Cape  Colony.  the  direct  control  of  the  Colonial  Medical 

Council,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine.  It  is  learned  from  a  member  of  the  Colonial 
Medical  Council  with  reference  to  paragraph  8  of  the  Regulations 
that  a  curriculum  of  four  years  will  be  accepted  only  when  each 
comprises  nine  months. 


68  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

"It  is  also  learned  with  reference  to  reciprocal  acceptance  of 
diplomas  (see  par.  10  of  Regulations)  that  at  present  there  is  no 
State  of  the  United  States  of  America  which  is  thought  to  accept 
British  diplomas. 

"From  the  Laws  and  Regulations,  it  will  be  seen  that  unless 
a  dentist  has  British  qualifications,  or  has  been  registered  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  it  is  impossible  for  him  to  secure  a  license  to 
practise  in  Cape  Colony." 

Instructions  to  Dental  Applicants  for  Registration  in 
Cape  Colony. 

The  procedure  in  the  case  of  dental  practitioners,  desirous  of 
obtaining  a  license  under  Section  18  of  the  Medical  and  Pharmacy 
Act,#  1 89 1,  to  practise  in  Cape  Colony,  may  be  briefly  summarized 
as  follows : 

1. — A  written  application  for  registration  and  license  to  prac- 
tise should  be  addressed  to  the  secretary,  Colonial  Medical  Coun- 
cil, Colonial  Secretary's  Office,  Cape  Town. 

2. — With  this  letter  should  be  forwarded  the  original  diplo- 
mas or  certificates  held  by  the  applicant,  a  sworn  declaration  of 
identity  in  terms  of  No.  9  of  the  regulation  following,  and  a  post 
office  order  for  the  sum  of  two  pounds,  ten  shillings  ($12.16) 
which  is  the  license  duty,  payable  for  admission  to  practise  as  a 
dental  practitioner.  The  letter  should  also  state  for  registration 
purposes  the  place,  if  known,  at  which  the  applicant  proposes  to 
practise. 

3. — The  application  with  inclosures,  if  in  order,  is  laid  before 
the  Colonial  Medical  Council  or  the  Executive  Committee  thereof, 
at  the  first  meeting  after  receipt  for  consideration.  If  approved, 
a  letter  is  addressed  by  the  Council  to  the  Colonial  Secretary  in 
terms  of  Section  18  of  the  Medical  and  Pharmacy  Act,  1891,  (qv.), 
recommending  that  the  applicant  be  registered  and  a  license 
issued  to  him. 

4. — The  Colonial  Secretary  then  issues  a  license,  and  for- 
wards it  to  the  applicant,  together  with  the  diplomas  or  certifi- 
cates submitted.  The  name  of  the  applicant  is  at  the  same  time 
registered  in  the  register  kept  in  the  Colonial  Secretary's  office  in 
terms  of  Section  36  of  the  Act,  and  a  notice  of  license  is  published 
in  the  Government  Gazette.  Until  the  license  in  question  has 
been  signed  by  the  Colonial  Secretary,  the  applicant  is  not  en- 
titled to  practise. 

Regulations :  The  Regulations  for  Dentists,  framed  by  the 
Colonial  Medical  Council,  under  Section  20  of  the  Medical  and 
Pharmacy  Act,  1891,  are  as  follows: 

1. — All  dental  qualifications,  certificates,  diplomas,  degrees  or 
titles  recognized  by  the  General  Medical  Council  of  the  United 


1 1  I-:  \  I  A  I.      I.  A  W  S      CO  N  I)  K  N  S  K  D.  69 

Kingdom  shall  entitle  the  holders  thereof  to  claim  registration 
as  dentists  under  Section  18  of  the  Medical  Pharmacy  Act,  1891. 

2. — In  reference  to  the  foregoing,  any  person  claiming  to  be 
licensed  and  registered  as  a  dentist  under  the  Medical  and  Phar- 
macy Act,  1891,  on  the  grounds  that  he  was  in  practice  before  July 
22,  1878,  will  be  required  to  produce  the  certificate  of  the  General 
Medical  Council  aforesaid  to  that  effect,  and  if  his  name  he  not 
upon  the  last  published  Dentists'  Register,  he  will  he  required  to 
account  for  it  satisfactorily  to  the  Council. 

3, — The  holder  of  any  diploma  of  Licentiate  Dental  Surgery, 
granted  by  any  of  the  Medical  authorities  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
empowered  so  to  do  by  the  Dentists'  Act,  1878,  shall  not  neces- 
sarily also  produce  the  certificate  of  the  General  Medical  Council, 
(which)  reserves  the  right  of  applying  to  the  secretary  of  the 
body,  granting  such  diploma,  for  information  as  to  whether  the 
name  of  the  possessor  is  still  upon  the  register  or  record  of  the 
body  of  which  such  person  holds  the  license. 

4. — An  applicant  may  be  called  upon  to  appear  before  the 
Colonial  Medical  Council  to  prove  his  identity  or  to  give  evidence 
as  to  his  good  character. 

5. — The  secretary  shall  from  time  to  time,  write  and  forward 
(duly  registered)  a  letter  to  any  registered  person,  addressed  to 
him  according  to  his  address  upon  the  register  to  inquire  if  he  has 
ceased  to  practise  or  has  changed  his  address,  and  if  no  answer 
be  received  within  six  months,  his  name  shall  be  erased  from  the 
register. 

6. — -Any  qualification,  registerable  in  accordance  with  Rule 
1  acquired  subsequently  to  first  registration,  shall  be  registered 
upon  payment  of  a  fee  of  five  shillings. 

7. — All  matters,  referring  to  dentistry  that  may  come  before 
the  Colonial  Medical  Council,  shall,  where  practicable,  be  re- 
ferred to  the  dental  number  of  the  Council  for  his  advice. 

8. — All  dental  diplomas  registerable  in  the  Colony,  shall  be 
required  to  cover  a  minimum  curriculum  of  four  years,  i.  e.,  (a) 
two  consecutive  years'  attendance  at  recognized  medical  and  den- 
tal hospitals  and  schools,  with  (b)  proof  of  having  been  engaged 
during  a  period  of  not  less  than  three  years  in  acquiring  a  prac- 
tical familiarity  with  the  details  of  mechanical  dentistry  under  the 
instruction  of  a  competent  practitioner,  provided  that  one  year 
of  such  instruction  may  be  taken  concurrently  with  the  attend- 
ance on  hospital  practice  and  lectures.  Provided  also  that  in  the 
case  of  qualified  medical  practitioners,  two  instead  of  three  years 
shall  be  sufficient. 

In  all  cases  a  satisfactory  preliminary  examination  in  general 
education  must  have  been  required. 


JO  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

9. — All  applicants  shall  submit  together  with  their  diplomas 
or  certificates,  declarations  sworn  before  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
(a)  of  personal  identity,  (b)  of  the  authenticity  of  the  said  diplo- 
mas or  certificates,  (c)  of  the  fact  that  they  are  entitled  to  prac- 
practise  as  qualified  dentists  in  the  countries  where  the  said  diplomas 
or  certificates  were  granted,  and  that  they  have  never  been  de- 
barred from  practice  in  any  country  by  reason  of  misdemeanor  or 
professional  misconduct. 

10. — No  diploma  granted  by  the  Government  or  any  uni- 
versity or  other  body  of  a  foreign  country  shall  entitle  the  holder 
thereof  to  registration  as  a  (medical  practitioner  or)  dentist  in 
this  colony  unless  equal  rights  and  advantages  are  given  in  such 
country  to  the  holder  of  any  British  registerable  degree. 

11. — Regulation  No.  10  of  the  24th  of  February,  1902,  shall 
not  apply  to  any  person  born  in  the  Colony  or  domiciled  therein 
prior  to  the  said  date,  who  shall  at  the  said  date  have  completed 
or  have  been  actually  pursuing  in  a  foreign  country  the  recog- 
nized dental  course  for  obtaining  a  dental  diploma,  in  such 
country. 

"Colombo,  Ceylon,  December  14,  191 1. 

"An  American  possessing  the  diploma 

Ceylon.  of  a  reputable  American  dental   college 

will  be  permitted  to  practise  dentistry  in 

Ceylon  provided  the  Ceylon  Medical  Council  is  satisfied  with  his 

qualifications,  and  registers  him  as  a  qualified  practitioner. 

There  is  no  special  legislation  on  this  subject  in  Ceylon.  As 
it  is,  the  island  is  well  off  in  the  matter  of  dental  surgeons.  In 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  Cingalese,  as  a  rule,  have  very  good  teeth 
and  rarely  need  artificial  aid  in  preserving  them,  there  is  little 
scope  for  the  practice  of  dentistry  out  here. 

"Those  that  need  the  services  of  dentists  are  the  European 
residents,  and  the  wants  of  these,  in  this  direction,  are  supplied 
by  nearly  a  dozen  well-qualified  dental  surgeons.  It  may  be  in- 
teresting to  you  to  know  that  three  out  of  this  number  hold 
American  diplomas." 

"Valparaiso,  Chile,  March  6,  1912. 
"Foreign  physicians  and  surgeons  pre- 
Chile.  senting  degrees  from  universities  recog- 

nized in  Chile  are  considered  equal  to 
licentiates  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  and  Pharmacy,  and  are  sub- 
jected only  to  a  practical  examination  in  order  to  obtain  the  title 
of  surgeon,  which  is  equivalent  to  that  of  M.  D.  in  the  United 
States.     This  examination  covers  operative  medicine,  in-and-out 


DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED.  "Jl 

clinic,  gynecology,  opthalmology,  obstetrics,  anatomy,  pathology 
ami  general  theory. 

Foreign  physicians  and  surgeons  from  universities  not  recog- 
nized by  Chile  must  take  the  examinations  prescribed  for  would- 
be  licentiates  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  and  Pharmacy.  Den- 
tists and  pharmacists  with  foreign  diplomas  who  wish  to  practise 
their  profession  in  Chile  will  submit  to  the  regulations,  examina- 
tions, etc..  prescribed  by  the  Council  of  Public  Instruction.  It 
must  be  remembered  that  all  examinations  for  physicians,  den- 
tists and  pharmacists  are  in  Spanish." 

"Chefoo,  China,  March  23,  1912. 
"There  are  no  licenses  issued  to  Ameri- 
China.  can  dentists  practising  in  China.     It  is  im- 

material whether  or  not  the  dentist  is 
qualified.  American  dentists  are  most  popular;  for  many  years 
the)  were  the  only  dentists  in  China,  but  of  late  the  Japanese  are 
competing.  There  is  a  good  field  in  Chefoo  for  a  dentist  who 
wants  to  build  a  practice,  as  there  are  no  dentists  here  now." 

"Pogota,  Colombia. 

"Part   of   the    decree    No.    592   of   the 

Colombia.  Colombian    Dental    Law,    dated    June    8, 

1905,  provides:  'That  a  person,  desiring 

to  practise  dentistry  in  Colombia,  must  present  a  diploma,  granted 

to  him  by  the  Pogota  Dental  College,  or  by  some  foreign  college 

or  faculty  of  known  competence.     It  is  permissible  in  villages 

where  no  dentist  is  resident,  for  an  individual  to  practise  dentistry 

who  can  prove  that  he  has  practised  for  at  least  two  years  in 

some  dental  office.     Further,  and  in  everything  relating  to  this 

last  profession,  the  provisions  of  the  present  decree  shall  apply.'  ' 

"Poma,  Congo  Free  State. 
"Dentistry   is    practised   very   little    in 
Congo  Free  State,      the  Congo.    It  is  part  of  the  general  work 
of  the  physicians   in   the  employ   of  the 
State,  and  of  some  of  the  medical  missionaries.     There  are  no 
special  laws  on  the  subject  so  far  as  I  am  informed,  but  for  med- 
ical practice  in  the  Congo,  authorization  is  obtained  from  the 
Governor-General  upon  the  presentation  of  diplomas  or  after  ex- 
amination, and  a  license  fee  of  Sioo  per  year  is  charged." 

"San  Jose,  Costa  Rica,  February  16,  191 2. 
"All  persons  having  a  diploma  from  a 
Costa  Rica.  reputable  dental  college  are  permitted  to 

practise   dentistry,   after   passing   an   examination,   which    is    in 
Spanish. 


J2.  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

"The  field  is  pretty  well  filled  with  American  dentists  at 
present,  and  I  cannot  report  that  any  openings  exist  in  this  con- 
sular district." 

"Habana,  Cuba,  February  2,  1912. 
"I  do  not  know  of  any  published  laws 
Cuba.  regarding  the  dental  profession ;  all  diplo- 

mas must  be  properly  authenticated  by 
State  and  Federal  authorities,  and  by  the  Cuban  Minister  at 
Washington  before  they  are  admitted  before  the  Examining 
Board  at  the  University  of  Habana.  Notwithstanding  this  pro- 
cedure, the  applicant  must  still  take  the  regular  examination  to 
admit  him  to  practice.  The  examination  is  by  the  Medical  Board 
and  is  conducted  in  Spanish  (interpreter  is  allowed).  This  exam- 
ination is  said  to  be  severe,  and  the  fees  for  the  same  amount  to 
about  fifty  dollars. 

"There  are  few,  if  any,  openings  for  American  dentists  in 
Cuba  at  the  present  time ;  the  field  is  fully  occupied  by  both 
American  and  Cuban  practitioners,  the  latter  usually  having  been 
educated  in  colleges  in  the  United  States." 

"Copenhagen,  Denmark,  February  19,  1912. 

"An   American    possessing   a    diploma 

Denmark.  from  an  American  dental  college,  from 

which  he  has  graduated,  will  not,  as  a 

rule,  be  permitted  to  practise  in  Denmark.     License  to  practise 

dentistry  in  Denmark  is  only  granted  to  those  who  have  passed 

an  examination  in  Denmark. 

"Permission  to  practise  dentistry  in  Denmark  is  given  by  the 
Minister  of  Justice,  and  in  accordance  with  an  instruction  of 
June  28th,  1906,  it  is  allowed  the  Danish  dentists  to  employ 
foreign  clinical  assistants ;  these  assistants  must  be  dental  gradu- 
ates and  are  only  permitted  to  work  under  the  supervision  of  the 
authorized  dentist,  and  cannot  take  over  the  practice  during  the 
absence  of  their  employer." 

"Santo  Domingo,  D.  R.,  February  13,  1912. 

"The  practice  of  dentistry  in  the 
Dominican  Republic.  Dominican  Republic  is  regulated  by  the 
law  of  the  Medical  Board  (Ley  de  Juro 
Medico)  of  June  12,  1906.  This  law  provides  that  a  person  de- 
siring to  practise  dentistry,  medicine  or  pharmacy  must  first 
undergo  an  examination,  partly  theoretical  and  partly  practical, 
given  by  the  Professional  Institute  (Instituto  Profesional)  in 
this  city.     After  successfully  passing  this  examination,  applica- 


DENT  A  L     L  A  W  S     C  0  N  D  K  \  S  E  I  '•  73 

tion   must   be  made  to  the  Superior   Medical   Council    (Consejo 
Superior  Medico)  for  permission  to  practise.     This  application 

must  be  accompanied  by: 

"i  i  >  A  diploma  of  an  accredited  Dominican  or  foreign  insti- 
tution properly  legalized  (1n  the  case  of  a  foreign  institution,  the 
document  must  be  legalized  by  the  Dominican  Consul  having 
jurisdiction  in  that  district)  ; 

"(2)   Proof  of  the  identity  of  the  applicant; 

"(3)  The  diploma  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certificate  of 
the  good  moral  character,  also  properly  legalized;  and 

"(4)  The  certificate  of  the  applicant's  having  successfully 
passed  the  examination  of  the  Superior  Council  must  also  accom- 
pany the  application. 

"A  diploma  from  a  United  States  dental  college  does  not  en- 
title the  holder  thereof  to  any  special  privileges,  and  all  appli- 
cants are  required  to  take  the  above-described  examinations. 

"The  best  openings  for  American  dentists  in  the  Dominican 
Republic  would  probably  be  in  the  cities  of  Santo  Domingo, 
Macoris  and  Puerto  Plata,  which  cities  contain  the  largest  foreign 
(and  especially  American  and  English  populations)  of  any  cities 
in  the  Republic.  The  majority  of  the  native  Dominicans,  especi- 
ally of  the  lower  classes,  have  had  very  little  education  in  the 
proper  attention  and  care  of  their  teeth,  and  the  dental  practice 
among  these  people  would  therefore  be  comparatively  restricted." 

"Guayaquil,  Ecuador.  March  n,  1912. 

"Dentists    who    have     received     their 
Ecuador.  diplomas  in  the  United  States  and  intend 

coming  to  this  country  to  engage  in  their 
profession,  should  have  their  diplomas  viseed  by  the  Consul  or 
Consul-General  of  Ecuador  in  the  United  States  before  leaving 
there  for  this  country,  otherwise  the  diploma  would  not  receive 
proper  consideration  here. 

"After  arriving  here  with  the  diploma  viseed  as  stated,  an 
examination,  general  and  professional,  is  required,  and  which  as 
a  rule  will  be  taken  or  conducted  in  the  Spanish  language.  The 
expense  of  the  examination  is  said  to  be  about  forty  dollars.  The 
examinations  will  be  held  either  at  Guayaquil  or  Quito. 

"There  is  reciprocity  between  Chile.  Bolivia  and  Ecuador, 
with  respect  to  the  practice  of  dentistry,  that  is.  a  dentist  having 
the  right  to  practise  in  one  of  these  countries  may  also  practise 
in  either  of  the  other  two  without  having  to  take  an  examination, 
but  simply  have  his  papers  properly  registered,  after  which  per- 
mission will  be  given  to  practise." 
6 


74  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

"Cairo,  Egypt,  February  15,  1912. 
"An  American  desiring  to  practise  den- 
Egypt,  tistry  in  Egypt  must  present  to  the  De- 
partment of  Public  Health  in  addition  to 
the  diploma  of  a  regularly  incorporated  and  properly  recognized 
dental  college  in  the  United  States  a  certificate  showing  that  he 
has  been  admitted,  after  examination,  to  practise  in  one  of  the 
States  of  the  United  States. 

"There  are  a  large  number  of  dentists  established  in  Cairo, 
including  Americans,  and,  as  the  town  is  practically  deserted  dur- 
ing more  than  half  the  year  by  the  wealthier  classes  of  both  for- 
eigners and  natives  owing  to  the  heat,  I  strongly  advise  American 
dentists  not  to  go  to  the  trouble  and  expense  of  attempting  to 
establish  a  practice  here. 

"Living  in  Cairo  is  very  high,  the  season  short  and  the  field 
over-crowded." 

"London,  England,  February  23,  1912. 
"Any    man    can    practise    in     England 
England.  legally.     The  L.D.S.  (Licentiate  in  Den- 

tal Surgery)  only  being  registered,  may 
call  himself  a  dentist.  The  unlicensed  dentist  (the  dentist  with- 
out the  L.D.S.)  cannot  recover  fees  by  process  of  law ;  otherwise, 
the  country  is  open.  In  obtaining  registration,  it  is  necessary, 
examination  equal  to  Cambridge  Matriculation  Examinations; 
after  which,  the  whole  dental  curriculum  must  be  taken  at  a  den- 
tal hospital  in  Great  Britain  extending  over  a  period  of  two  years, 
and  then  passing  the  final  professional  examination.  There  are, 
however,  changes  pending  in  the  dental  law  and  license  require- 
ments, and  I  will  let  you  know  the  particulars  immediately  the 
matter  is  settled." 

"Tamsui,  Formosa. 
"The  regulations  for  dental  practice  in 
Formosa.  Formosa   are    the    same   as    for   medical 

practice.  We  submit  a  translation  of  the 
regulations  issued  June  10,  1885 : 

"1.  In  order  to  practise  medicine  in  Formosa,  it  is  necessary 
to  hold  the  license  to  practise  medicine  from  the  Minister  of 
Home  Affairs  (of  the  Japanese  government),  or  a  permit  from 
the  Governor-General  of  Formosa. 

"2.  When  one  who  possesses  the  medical  license  issued  by 
the  Minister  of  Home  Affairs  wishes  to  practise  medicine,  he  is 
required  to  fix  upon  the  place  and  apply  with  the  license,  at  the 
district  office  within  five  days  after  commencing  medical  practice. 


DEN  T  A  t.      t,  A  W  S      CO  N  D  K  N  S  E  D.  7^ 

"3.  The  applicant  for  a  permit  shall  present  his  application, 
together  with  a  history  of  his  studies  in  medicine,  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  Formosa,  through  the  district  office. 

'"4.  The  permit  to  practise  medicine  holds  good  only  in  For 
mosa  and  the  Pescadores,  but  the  boundary  may  be  further  re- 
stricted at  the  discretion  of  the  Governor  General. 

"5.  The  receiver  of  the  permit  shall  pay  a  fee  of  five  yen 
($2.49)  on  the  delivery  oi  the  permission  certificate. 

"6.  For  copies  of  the  permission  certificate,  a  fee  of  one  yen 
shall  be  paid. 

"7.  If  the  holder  of  the  license  issued  by  the  Minister  of 
Home  Affairs  wishes  to  cease  practising  medicine,  he  is  required 
to  notify  the  district  office  to  that  effect. 

8.  The  Governor-General  may  at  any  time  suspend  the 
license,  or  prohibit  the  practice,  of  a  physician  found  guilty  oi 
crime  or  unlawful  acts  in  the  exercise  of  his  profession. 

'"9.  The  district  office  is  requested  to  transmit  at  once  to  the 
Governor  General  of  Formosa  the  permission  certificate  of  which 
a  physician  has  been  deprived  through  prohibition  in  accordance 
with  Section  8.  In  case  of  suspension  of  medical  practice,  the 
date  of  suspension  shall  he  noted  on  the  hack  oi  the  permit  which 
shall  be  returned  to  the  offender. 

"10.  A  physician  whose  medical  practice  has  been  prohibited 
or  suspended  by  the  Minister  of  Home  Affairs  shall  he  incapaci- 
tated from  Future  practice,  or  during  the  time  of  suspension  only. 
as  the  case  may  he. 

II.  Any  person  who  carries  on  medical  practice  without  a 
permit,  or  who  practises  medicine  outside  the  limited  boundary, 
is  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  twenty-five  yen.  or  to  imprison- 
ment for  not  more  than  twenty-five  days. 

"12.  For  violation  of  Article  2.  a  physician  shall  he  liable  to 
a  tine  <<\  not  more  than  one  yen  and  ninety-five  sen. 

"13.  Prefects  and  chief  officials  of  island-  within  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Formosan  government,  may  he  authorized  to  make 
regulations  for  control  of  physicians. 

'"14.  These  regulations  shall  he  enforced  on  and  after  the  first 
day  of  the  seventh  month  of  the  twenty-ninth  year  of  Meiji." 

"Paris.  France.  February  16,  1912. 

"The  most  salient  feature  of  the  latest 

France.  French  dental  enactments  is  the  raising 

of   the   standard   of   requirements.     The 

American  dentist   who  desires  to  locate  in   France   will   find   the 

recptirements  of  the  new  law  which  went  into  effect  November, 

101  r.  much  more  difficult  than  former! v. 


y6  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

"The  new  law  provides  as  follows :  The  course  of  study  lead- 
ing to  the  degree  of  dental  surgeon  in  France  now  requires  five 
years  divided  into  periods,  the  'stage'  (two  years  of  probationary 
work  in  a  dentist's  office  or  a  laboratory  of  a  dental  college),  and 
three  years'  actual  attendance  at  a  recognized  dental  college.  The 
applicant  must  produce  for  his  initial  enrollment  evidence  of  hav- 
ing completed  at  least  a  common  school  course.  The  conditions 
of  admitting  women  are  somewhat  more  strict. 

"At  the  end  of  the  second  year  of  the  stage,  the  student  must 
submit  to  an  examination  of  validation,  which  comprises  first,  the 
execution  of  a  design  reproducing  the  scheme  of  the  exterior  form 
and  structure  of  one  or  several  teeth ;  second,  a  practical  test  in 
modeling  (reproducing  in  wax,  plaster,  wood,  or  ivory  several 
teeth)  of  the  mouth;  third,  making  an  artificial  denture  (the  exe- 
cution of  a  device  including  metallic  parts  stamped  and  soldered)  ; 
fourth,  questions  on  physics,  chemistry,  mechanics  and  metal- 
lurgy, as  applied  to  the  dental  art.  An  oral  test  of  half  an  hour 
is  also  given. 

"The  second  period  of  the  course  is  known  as  the  scolarite, 
requires  three  years,  and  includes  in  brief  the  following  branches  : 
First  year. — Elements  of  anatomy,  physiology  and  bacteriology, 
asepsis  and  antisepsis,  complete  anatomy  of  the  teeth,  their  de- 
velopment and  articulation  with  the  maxillaries ;  also  operative 
and  mechanical  dentistry.  Second  year. — Elements  of  medical 
dentistry,  ausculation  of  the  heart,  odontology  and  hygiene  of  the 
mouth.  The  work  of  the  second  year  is  completed  with  practical 
exercises  in  dental  clinics  and  laboratory  work.  Third  year. — 
Dental  clinics,  dental  operations  and  mechanical  dentistry,  as  well 
as  practical  work  in  different  phases  of  the  dental  art. 

"Examinations  :  A  candidate  for  the  degree  of  dental  surgeon 
must  successfully  pass  three  examinations,  one  at  the  end  of  each 
school  year,  covering  the  work  done  during  that  period.  The 
French  diploma  of  dental  surgeon  is  issued  by  the  Faculty  of 
Medicine  of  Paris,  Lyons,  Bordeaux  and  Nancy.  Proper  credit 
on  the  examinations  is  given  for  work  done  in  hospitals  under  the 
supervision  of  the  faculty.  Graduate  dentists  from  foreign  coun- 
tries desiring  to  practise  in  France  are  required  to  pass  the  exam- 
inations prescribed  in  the  decree.  They  may  obtain  a  total  re- 
lease* from  the  stage,  and  a  partial  release  from  the  scolarite 
course  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  consulting  board  of  pub- 
lic instruction,  which  bases  its  decisions  largely  upon  the  candi- 
date's credentials  and  scholastic  attainments.  Dental  surgeons 
are  obliged  to  register  at  the  prefecture,  and  at  the  record  office 
of  the  civil  tribunal  of  their  arrondissement  within  a  month  after 
their  establishment  in  business.  Foreign  dental  students  and 
those  desiring  to  practise  in  France,  are  subjected  to  the  same 
requirements  as  native  students  and  practitioners;  furthermore, 


DKNTAL     UWS     CONDENSED.  TJ 

unless  they  are  competent  in  the  language  of  this  country,  they 
are  placed  at  a  great  disadvantage  in  taking  the  entrance  exam- 
inations and  pursuing  the  courses  prescribed,  as  all  examinations 
are  given,  and  all  questions  must  be  answered  in  French.  Hence, 
knowledge  of  French  seems  absolutely  essential  to  obtain  a  den- 
tal diploma.  State  diplomas  authorizing  the  holder  to  practise 
anywhere  in  France  or  its  colonies  are  conferred  upon  the  suc- 
cessful completion  of  studies  in  any  of  the  dental  colleges  of 
France.  American  dentists  coming  to  Paris  to  practise  should 
not  fail  to  have  their  dental  diploma  viseed  by  the  nearest  French 
Cousul  and  provide  themselves  with  all  credentials  possible;  it 
will  aid  them.  In  securing  releases,  the  applicant  for  a  partial 
release  must  produce  evidence  of  having  completed  three  years' 
work  in  a  dental  college;  in  no  case  will  a  diploma  be  granted 
unless  the  last  year's  work  has  been  done  in  the  school  issuing 
the  diploma.  There  are  at  present  in  Paris  a  number  of  gradu- 
ates of  American  dental  colleges  employed  in  dental  offices  on  a 
commission  or  salary,  and  at  the  same  time  pursuing  courses  in 
local  schools,  thus  preparing  themselves  for  the  examinations  and 
for  ultimate  admission  to  practice  under  their  own  names. 

"Penalties:  Infractions  of  the  dental  laws  are  subject  to 
criminal  prosecution.  The  illegal  practise  of  dentistry  is  punish- 
able by  a  fine  of  iooo  to  2000  francs  (a  franc  is  about  19.3  cents 
U.  S.  currency),  and  3000  francs  for  the  second  offense,  together 
with  an  imprisonment  of  six  months  to  one  year.  Failure  to 
register  one's  diploma  is  punishable  by  a  fine  of  25  to  100  francs. 
The  court  may  also  deprive  an  offender  temporarily  or  perma- 
nently of  the  right  to  practise  his  profession.  This  applies  to 
foreigners  as  well." 

"Berlin,  Germany,  February  19,  1912. 
"The  following  information  on  the  sub- 
Germany,  ject  of  the  requirements  of  an  American 
dentist  to  practise  his  profession  in  Ger- 
many was  obtained  from  the  Chief  Medical  Officer  of  the  City 
of  Berlin : 

"1.  American  dentists,  being  non-qualified  practitioners  in 
this  country,  according  to  the  police  regulations  of  August  21, 
1903,  must  report  their  arrivals,  departures,  as  well  as  each  re- 
moval, to  the  proper  Royal  District  Physician  of  the  place  in 
which  they  reside ; 

"2.  They  are  obliged  to  prove  that  they  are  American  den- 
tists by  presenting  sufficient  evidence  in  the  form  of  graduation 
diplomas,  etc. ; 

"3.  An  examination  for  practising  dental  surgery  in  Germany 
is  not  required,  because,  according  to  the  Imperial  Trade  Regula- 


78  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

tions,  the  practice  of  medical  or  dental  science  in  this  country  is 
allowed ; 

"4.  The  use  in  Prussia  of  the  title  of  doctor,  obtained  at  non- 
German  universities  after  April  7,  1897,  is  permitted  only  with 
the  consent  of  the  Minister  of  Education. 

5.  Furthermore,  the  use.  of  the  title  'Amerikanischer  Zahn- 
arzt'  or  'American  Dental  Surgeon,'  is  prohibited  according  to 
several  decrees  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Germany." 

The  rules  governing  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  Germany  are 
as  follows : 

"American  dentists  desiring  to  practise  their  profession  in 
Germany  are  subjected  to  the  regulations  of  the  Reichagewer- 
beordnung,  a  law  to  regulate  trade  of  all  kinds  within  the  Empire. 
According  to  this  law,  Germans  and  foreigners  are  at  liberty  to 
practise  the  science  of  medicine  and  surgery  and  other  arts 
(Heilkunde),  but  such  persons  as  may  call  themselves  'Arzt,'  that 
is  to  say  'Zahnarzt'  or  'Wundarzt'  (physicians  and  dental  or  other 
surgeons),  require  an  'approbation'  before  being  permitted  to  fol- 
low their  calling.  Section  29  of  the  Reichagewerbeordnung  pro- 
vides as  follows  in  regard  to  the  approbation : 

"  'An  approbation  granted  on  the  basis  of  a  proof  of  qualifi- 
cation is  required  *  *  *  by  such  persons  as  wish  to  call 
themselves  *  *  *  Zahnarzt  (dental  surgeon),  or  who  at- 
tribute to  themselves  a  similar  title,  or  who  shall  be  recognized  as 
such  by  a  State  or  community,  or  who  shall  be  entrusted  as  such 
with  official  duties.' 

"The  character  of  the  proof  of  qualification  thus  required  has 
been  described  by  the  Bundesrat  (federal  council)  in  its  notice  of 
July  5,  1889,  relating  to  the  examination  of  dental  surgeons  and 
published  on  page  417  and  following  pages,  in  the  volume  for 
1889  of  the  official  German  gazette,  entitled  Zentralblatt  fur  das 
Deutsche  Reich.  According  to  this  notice,  it  is  particularly  re- 
quired that  the  applicants  be  subjected  to  an  examination. 

"American  dentists  intending  to  style  themselves  as  above 
must  pass  an  examination  in  Germany  in  accordance  with  the 
foregoing  requirements,  and  thereupon,  if  the  result  be  favorable, 
are  entitled  to  call  themselves  Zahnarzt.  The  diplomas  of  Amer- 
ican universities  or  dental  schools  do  not  suffice.  Inquiry  at  the 
office  of  the  Hamburg  Board  of  Health  discloses  the  fact  that  the 
examination  just  referred  to  is  not  exceedingly  difficult.  How- 
ever, American  dentists  at  this  examination,  must  not  merely 
demonstrate  a  knowledge  of  their  profession,  but  must  also  show 
that  they  have  passed  the  graduating  examination  of  a  public 
high  school  which  would  enable  the  applicant  to  matriculate  in  a 
university.    A  graduating  examination  of  this  kind  would  neces- 


d  i:  x  T  \  l.     laws     C  O  N  D  i-:  \  S  E  D.  ~>  i 

sarily  involve  a  knowledge  of  numerous  elementary  subjects, 
mathematics,  chemistry,  history,  geography  and  ancient  and  mod- 
ern languages.  Foreigners  arc  much  more  likely  to  have  diffi- 
culty in  satisfying  these  requirements  than  in  proving  their  pro- 
fessional aptitude. 

"However,  and  this  is,  perhaps,  the  most  important  point  to 
be  borne  in  mind  in  connection  with  this  report,  capable  persons 
may  he  permitted  to  practise  dentistry  in  Germany  without  the 
official  'approbation'  here  described,  if  only  they  renounce  the 
right  to  designate  themselves  as  Zahnarzt.  Thus,  there  is  no 
objection  whatever  to  the  use  of  the  professional  title  of  'Zahn- 
heilkundigen,'  literally,  a  person  familiar  with  the  art  of  correct- 
ing and  healing  the  teeth.  Care  must  be  exercised  in  choosing  a 
professional  title,  as  all  designations  are  prohibited  and  punish- 
able which  tend  to  make  the  public  believe  that  the  person  in 
question  has  received  an  official  'approbation'  unless  such  appro- 
bation actually  has  been  granted.  The  opinions  of  the  courts 
themselves  are  not  in  accord  as  to  the  admissibility  of  the  sev- 
eral possible  substitute  titles.  Thus  of  late  a  few  courts  have  ob- 
jected to  the  title  'In  Amerika  approbierte  Zahnarzt'  (surgeon  of 
dentistry  approved  in  America),  and  also  to  the  word  'dentist.' 
On  the  other  hand,  American  dentists  who  have  been  domiciled 
in  Germany  since  and  before  1904,  occasionally  have  received 
permission  to  call  themselves  'American  Dentist,'  or  'Doctor  of 
Dental  Snrgery,'  because  of  the  fact  that  they  had  used  these 
titles  prior  to  the  enactment  of  the  latest  laws.  Denominations 
such  as  Zahnkunstler  (artist  in  dentistry).  Zahnbehandler  (per- 
son treating  the  teeth),  etc.,  are  indisputably  admissible. 

"Any  American  proposing  to  practise  in  a  particular  place 
would  do  well  first  to  place  himself  in  communication  with  the 
competent  local  authorities  before  undertaking  to  do  so.  for  the 
reason  that  the  opinions  of  the  authorities  are  at  variance  in  dif- 
ferent places. 

"Dentists  who  have  not  received  an  official  approbation  are 
required  to  register  at  the  office  of  the  competent  local  authority 
at  the  time  of  their  coming  to  German}-,  and  to  report  that  it  is 
their  intention  to  begin  the  practice  of  their  profession.  In  Ham- 
burg, they  must  also  obtain  a  Gewerbeschein  (Trade  license) 
which  costs  eighteen  marks  (S4.28),  but  this  is  not  necessary  in 
Prussia. 

"Academic  degrees,  accpiired  from  American  educational  in- 
stitutions (for  instance,  the  title  of  doctor)  cannot  be  used  in 
Germany  without  approval  on  the  part  of  the  State  government. 
The  board  of  Health  in  Hamburg  declares  that  this  approval  is 
refused  almost  invariably  in  this  city  (Hamburg)." 


80  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

Excerpts  from  Dentists'  Act,  1878. 
Great  Britain.  Section  3  states  :     Registration  required. 

To  take  or  use  the  "name  or  title  of  den- 
tist or  of  dental  practitioner  without  registration  renders  the 
offender  liable"  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  twenty  pounds  ($100  U.  S. 
currency). 

Section  4  states  that  non-registered  dentists  or  medical  men 
are  not  entitled  "to  recover  any  fee  or  charge  in  court." 

Section  5  defines  the  privileges  of  registered  persons  as  being 
"to  practise  dentistry  and  to  recover  fees  in  court." 

Section  6.  Qualifications  necessary  for  registration  are  (a) 
"a  licentiate  in  dental  surgery  of  any  of  the  medical  authorities ; 
(b)  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  foreign  or  colonial  dentist ;  (c) 
engaged  in  practice  of  dentistry  at  time  of  passing  this  Act 
(1878)." 

Section  6  also  provides  that  a  person  resident  in  the  United 
Kingdom  shall  not  be  disqualified  for  registration  under  this  Act 
by  reason  that  he  is  not  a  British  subject,  and  a  British  subject 
shall  not  be  disqualified  by  reason  of  his  being  engaged  in  prac- 
tice beyond  the  limits  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

Section  8  provides  for  the  registration  of  the  colonial  dentist 
with  a  recognized  certificate. 

Section  9  provides  for  the  registration  of  foreign  dentists 
with  recognized  certificate  *  *  *  without  examination,  in 
the  United  Kingdom. 

Section  10.  Recognized  certificates  of  colonial  and  foreign 
dentists  are  "such  certificate,  diploma,  membership,  degree, 
license,  letters,  testimonials  or  other  title,  status  or  document" 
as  may  be  recognized  for  the  time  being  by  the  General  Council. 
Appeals  by  dentists  upon  refusal  of  license  must  be  made  to  the 
Privy  Council,  and  "such  order  shall  be  obeyed,"  either  for  dis- 
missal of  appeal  or  recognition  of  certificate,  by  General  Council. 

Section  11.  Provides  for  (1)  the  keeping  of  the  Dentists' 
Register  by  the  Registrar;  (2)  the  General  Council  shall  direct 
form  and  details  of  Register;  (3)  publication  of  Register  shall  be 
yearly  or  oftener;  (4)  Dentists'  Register  shall  be  admissible  as 
evidence;  (5)  the  General  Council  directs  Registrar;  (6)  provides 
for  revocation  of  license  by  the  General  Council. 

Section  12  is  devoted  to  the  duties  of  the  Registrar. 

Section  13  provides  that  "the  General  Council  shall  cause  to 
be  erased  from  the  Dentists'  Register  any  entry  which  has  been 
incorrectly  or  fraudulently  made"  and  also  the  "name  of  practi- 
tioner convicted  of  crime  or  guilty  of  disgraceful  conduct." 

Section  14  treats  of  the  restoration  of  name  to  Dentists' 
Register  by  direction  of  the  General  Council. 

Section  15  provides  for  the  appointment  of  a  special  com- 


DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED.  8l 

mittee  by  the  General  Council  to  attend  to  the  erasure  or  restora- 
tion of  name  to  Dentists'  Register. 

Section  16  provides  that  the  registration  fee  after  1879  shall 
not  exceed  five  pounds  (about  $25). 

Section  17  provides  that  the  "General  Council  may  from  time 
to  time  make,  alter  and  revoke  such  orders  and  regulations  as 
they  see  tit  for  regulating  the  general  and  the  local  registers  and 
the  practice  of  registration  under  this  Act.  and  the  fees  to  be  paid 
in  respect  thereof." 

Section  [8  provides  Eor  examinations  in  dental  surgery  by  the 
medical  authorities  "hereinafter  referred  to  as  colleges  or  bodies." 

Section  19.  Subject :  Board  of  Examiners,  appointment  of  by 
the  Council  or  other  governing  body  of  the  Royal  College  of  Sur- 
geons of  Edinburgh,  and  of  the  Faculty  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons of  Glasgow,  and  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  Ire- 
land, and  of  any  university  in  the  United  Kingdom.  Each  of  such 
boards  shall  be  the  Board  of  Examiners  in  Dental  Surgery  or 
Dentistry,  and  shall  consist  of  not  less  than  six  members. 

Section  20  treats  of  fees  for  examination,  which  are  deter- 
mined by  the  "governing  bodies"  of  the  universities  previously 
mentioned. 

Section  21  provides:  "The  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of 
England  shall  continue  to  hold  examinations  and  to  appoint  a 
Board  of  Examiners  in  Dentistry  or  Dental  Surgery  for  the  pur- 
pose of  testing  the  fitness  of  persons  to  practise  dentistry  or  den- 
tal surgery  *  *  *  and  to  grant  certificates  of  such  fitness 
*  *  *  ;  and  any  person  who  obtains  such  certificate  shall  be 
a  licentiate  in  dental  surgery  of  the  said  college,  and  his  name 
shall  be  entered  on  a  list  of  such  licentiates  to  be  kept  by  the  said 
college." 

Section  22  declares  that  the  "General  Medical  Council  may 
require  information  as  to  examination." 

Section  23  provides  that  the  General  Medical  Council  may 
represent  defects  in  examinations  in  such  colleges  to  H.  Majesty's 
Privy  Council. 

Section  24  provides  that  the  Privy  Council  may  revoke  "if 
they  see  fit,"  a  certificate  granted  by  any  such  body  (college). 

Section  25.  The  consequence  of  such  revocation  is  that  per- 
sons possessing  certificates  from  such  college  shall  not  be  en- 
titled to  register. 

Section  26  provides :  "Privy  Council  may  prohibit  attempts 
to  impose  restrictions  as  to  any  theory  of  dentistry  by  bodies 
entitled  to  grant  certificates." 

Section  27  provides  that  "A  certificate  under  this  Act  shall 
not  confer  any  right  or  title  to  be  registered  under  the  Medical 
Act,  1858,  in  respect  of  such  certificate,  nor  to  assume  any  name, 
title  or  designation   implying  that   the  person  mentioned  in  the 


$2  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

certificate  is  by  law  recognized  as  a  licentiate  or  practitioner  in 
medicine  or  general  surgery." 

Section  28  contains  provision  for  conduct  of  examination  by 
medical  boards,  if  established. 

Section  29  is  devoted  to  evidence  of  registration. 

Section  30  specifies  exemption  of  registered  persons  from 
serving  on  juries,  at  inquests,  corporate,  parochial,  ward,  hundred 
and  township  offices,  and  from  the  militia. 

The  remaining  four  sections  are  devoted  to:  "Exercise  of 
powers  by  Privy  Council ;  penalty  on  wilful  falsification  of  regis- 
ters ;  penalty  on  obtaining  registration  by  false  representations  ; 
notice  of  death  of  practitioners ;  provision  for  certain  students ; 
by-laws,  services  of  notices  by  post  and  recovery  of  penalties." 

The  Medical  Act  of  1886  refers  to  dentists  specifically  in  Sec- 
tion 26,  and  refers  to  modifications  or  amendments  or  annulment 
of  certain  provisions  affecting  Sections  4,  5,  28  of  the  Dentists' 
Act  of  1878. 

NOTE. — The  foregoing  excerpts  give  the  essential  facts  of  the  English 
law  as  it  now  stands.     I  am  informed  that  new  dental  legislation  is  pending. 

"Athens,  Greece,  February  16,  1912. 
"In  order  to  practise  dentistry  in  this 
Greece.  country,  it  is  necessary,  if  one  has  not  a 

diploma  from  a  foreign  dental  college  of 
standing,  to  obtain  a  diploma  from  the  University  of  Athens, 
which  represents  a  two  years'  course  in  dentistry  and  allied  sub- 
jects, and  to  pay  a  fee  of  forty  drachmas  ($7.72).  If  one  has  a 
diploma  from  a  reputable  foreign  college,  such  as  the  American 
institutions  you  mention  (Universities  of  Pennsylvania,  Michi- 
gan, Iowa,  California,  Minnesota,  Harvard,  Vanderbilt,  Valpa- 
raiso at  Chicago),  one  is  required  to  pass  an  examination  in  den- 
tistry before  the  Board  of  Health  and  to  pay  a  fee  of  four  hun- 
dred drachmas  ($77.20).  The  examination  is  conducted  in  either 
the  Greek,  French  or  German  language. 

"After  obtaining  a  license,  a  dentist  is  subject  to  the  graded 
'professional'  tax,  which  ranges  from  seventy-nine  drachmas 
($15.25)  to  five  hundred  and  forty-seven  drachmas  ($105.57)  a 
year,  depending  upon  the  income  he  receives  from  the  practice  of 
his  profession. 

"In  regard  to  possible  openings  in  Greece  for  American  den- 
tists, I  may  say  that  two  excellent  English  dentists  have  been 
established  in  Athens  for  a  number  of  years,  who  have  a  consider- 
able and  paying  practice  among  the  class  of  people  whom  an 
American  dentist  would  naturally  look  to  for  his  practice. 
Whether  the  field  is  large  enough  to  support  another  dentist  is 
questionable.  Outside  of  the  city  of  Athens,  I  should  think  it 
unlikely  that  there  is  an  opening  for  an  American  dentist." 


D  1:  n  t  a  i.     i.  a  w  s    c  0  n  i>  1:  n  S  i:  i>.  83 

"Guatemala  City.  Guatemala,  February  j«a  [912. 

"The  graduate  <>i"  a   reputable  dental 

Guatemala.  college  of  the  United  States,  before  prac- 

tising his  profession  in  Guatemala  is  re 
quired  to  pass  an  examination  in  Spanish  before  tin-  official  fac- 
ulty having  the  oversight  of  dentistry.  The  person  desiring  to 
practise  dentistry  may.  however,  associate  himself  with  a  dentist 
already  having  a  Guatemalan  license,  and  practise  nominally  .-;-> 
the  liit t  stant." 

"Port  au  Prince.  Ifayti. 

"It  i>  required  that  all  dentists,  before 

Hayti.  being  permitted  to  practise,  must  pass  an 

examination  before  the  Medical  Hoard  of 

Hayti.      It   would   be   well    to   be    acquainted    with   the    French 

languag        -  that  is  the  language  of  the  country.'' 

"Amsterdam,  Holland,  February  13,  1912. 

"There    are   only   four   American    uni- 

Holland.  versities   recognized   in  any  way  in   this 

country,  and  they  are  the  universities  of 

Pennsylvania.  Michigan.  Yanderbilt  and  the  Chicago  College  of 

Dental  Surgery.     Persons  holding  dental  diplomas  from  any  of 

them    must    undergo   an    examination    before   being   admitted   to 

practice  here.     Graduates  from  any  other  universities  or  colleges 

in  the  United  States  have  to  complete  the  regular  dental  course 

in  one  of  the  universities  of  Holland  (Utrecht.  Leyden.  or  Groni- 

gen).  which  course  is  five  years. 

"The  law  provides  that  the  examination  shall  be  held  in  the 
Dutch  language,  but  in  some  cases  applicants  have  been  allowed 
to  pass  the  examination  in  the  English  or  German  language. 

"There  is  not  a  good  opening  in  this  country  for  American 
dentists  any  more.  The  profession  is  now  fairly  crowded,  among 
it  many  practitioners  with  American  diplomas." 

"Ceiba,  Honduras. 
"Neither   diploma   nor   examination    is 
Honduras.  necessary  in   order   to   practise   dentistry 

in  this  country." 

"Budapest.  Hungary,  February  19,  1912. 
"To  practise  dentistry  in   Hungary,   a 
Hungary.  degree  of  M.D.  is  required,  and.  in  con- 

sequence, a  diploma  from  a  dental  college  i^  of  no  value  unless 
the  holder  happens  to  have  a  medical  degree  also.    There  is  little 


84  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED. 

or  no  opening  in  Hungary  for  an  American  dentist,  as  far  as  I 
have  been  able  to  ascertain.  There  are  several  dentists  here 
who  have  studied  in  America,  but  no  native  American." 

"Madras,  India,  December  11,  191 1. 

"There  are  no  laws  dealing  with  the 

India.  practice   of   dentistry   in    India,    and    no 

examining  board.    The  only  requirement 

imposed  on  regularly  graduated  dentists  in  India  before  they  can 

practise  their  profession,  is  for  the  dentist  to  take  out  a  license, 

which  is  simply  in  the  nature  of  a  municipal  tax. 

"There  are  openings  for  dentists  in  India;  every  large  city 
has  at  least  one  European  dentist.  The  status  of  the  American 
dentist  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  English ;  American  university 
graduates  have  a  good  standing  in  the  profession." 

"Dublin,  Ireland. 
"I  am  told  by  the  most  eminent  dentist 
Ireland.  here  that  a  foreign  diploma  will  not  be 

accepted,  and  that  the  candidate  will  have 
to  pass  the  examination  set  for  the  purpose  of  admission." 

"Rome,  Italy,  February  12,  1912. 

"According  to  existing  Italian  legisla- 

Italy.  tion,  no  foreigner  is  allowed  to  practise 

dentistry  in  Italy,  unless  such  foreigner 

has  regularly  acquired  a  professional  diploma  in  an  institution 

of  a  foreign  country  which  concedes   reciprocal  rights  for  the 

exercise  of  the  profession  to  persons  graduated  in  Italy. 

"In  case  the  reciprocal  rights,  above  referred  to,  are  non- 
existent, aliens  may  not  practise  dentistry  in  Italy  unless  passing 
examination  and  obtaining  an  Italian  diploma  of  surgery  and 
dentistry." 

Kingston,  Jamaica,  February  15,  1912. 
The  Dental  Practitioners'  Law   (Law 
Jamaica.  11  of  1905)  makes  provision  for  the  regis- 

tration of  persons  practising  dentistry  in 
Jamaica. 

Section  1. — Enacts  that  the  office  of  the  Registrar  General  of 
Births  and  Deaths  shall  be  the  registry  of  qualified  dental  prac- 
titioners and  that  the  Registrar  General  of  Births  and  Deaths 
shall  be  the  Registrar. 

Sec.  2. — Provides  for  the  opening  of  the  register  of  qualified 
dental  practitioners  on  the  first  of  October,  1905. 


D  i:  n  r  a  i,    laws    condensed.  85 

Sec.  6. —  Enacts  thai  the  following  persons,  upon  satisfying 

the  Registrar  by  such  documentary  or  other  evidence  of  their 
right  to  be  registered  and  upon  payment  of  a  registration  fee  of 
one  guinea,  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  under  this  law. 

(a)  Any  person  qualified  Or  entitled  to  practise  dentistry  in 
the  United  Kingdom  under  any  act  for  the  time  being  in  force. 

(b)  Any  person  who  at  the  passing  of  this  law,  is  bona  fide 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  this  island  and  who  holds 
a  diploma,  license  or  certificate  granted  to  him  by  any  university, 
college  or  institution  recognized  by  the  Governor  in  l'rivy  Coun- 
cil, after  ami  in  consequence  of  his  having  passed  through  the 
course  of  study  and  examination  in  dentistry,  prescribed  in  such 
university,  college  or  institution. 

(c)  Any  person  who  at  the  passing  of  this  law,  is  and  has 
been  for  not  less  than  three  years  bona  fide  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  dentistry  in  this  island  and  whom  the  Governor  in  Privy 
Council  for  special  cause  shown,  permits  to  be  registered  without 
examination. 

Sections  8,  9  and  10  provide  as  follows : 

8. — Any  person  who  at  the  passing  of  this  law  is  bona  fide 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  this  island;  and  also  any 
person  not  qualified  to  be  registered  under  Section  6  of  this  law, 
but  who  holds  a  diploma,  license  or  certificate  granted  to  him  by 
any  university,  college  or  institution  recognized  by  the  Governor 
in  Privy  Council,  after  and  in  consequence  of  his  having  passed 
through  the  course  of  study  and  examination  in  dentistry  pre- 
scribed by  such  university,  college  or  institution,  and  who  wishes 
to  be  registered  under  this  law,  may  make  application  in  wrriting 
to  the  Governor  to  appoint  a  Hoard  of  Examiners. 

9. — On  receipt  of  such  application  the  Governor  shall  appoint 
three  persons,  duly  registered  under  this  law,  as  a  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers and  the  persons  so  appointed  shall  thereupon  fix  a  time 
and  place  for  holding  the  examinations. 

10. — The  candidate  shall  first  satisfy  the  Board  of  Examiners 
that  he  was  at  the  date  of  the  passing  of  this  law,  bona  fide 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  this  island  or  that  he 
holds  a  diploma,  license  or  certificate  granted  to  him  as  aforesaid, 
and  the  Board  of  Examiners,  if  so  satisfied,  shall  with  reasonable 
despatch,  fully  and  fairly  examine  such  candidate  accordingly; 
and  if  they  find  him  sufficiently  informed  and  skilled,  they  shall 
give  him  a  certificate  to  that  efTect.  and  he  shall  then  be  registered 
under  this  law,  upon  payment  of  the  registration  fee. 

Mr.  M.  Solomon  (of  the  Island  Medical  Office)  has  been 
appointed  secretary. 


86  D  E  N  T  A  L      L  A  \V  S      CONDENSED. 

"Yokohama,  Japan,  February  27th,  1912. 
"License  to  practise   dentistry   in  Japan 
Japan.  will  be  granted  to  a  foreigner  residing  in 

this  country,  and  possessing  a  diploma 
from  a  reputable  dental  college  and  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in 
his  or  her  country,  and  whom  the  Minister  of  Home  Affairs  recog- 
nizes as  a  proper  and  duly  qualified  person.  Reciprocal  treatment 
is  based  on  the  treatment  of  Japanese  applicants  in  the  majority 
of  the  States  of  the  United  States,  in  the  absence  of  any  national 
law.  The  application  for  license  must  be  filed  in  Japanese,  together 
with  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  applicant,  certificate  of  nationality, 
the  diploma  and  license,  its  translation,  etc.  When  the  applicant  is 
not  known  to  the  Home  Department,  inquiries  and  investigation  as 
to  his  or  her  physical  condition,  record,  character  and  standing  in 
his  or  her  own  country  are  made,  and,  if  found  satisfactory,  the 
license  will  be  granted.  T  am  informed  that  these  investigations 
take  at  least  three  months,  and  sometimes  as  long  as  a  year.  The 
government  fee  for  issuing  the  license  is  twenty  yen  ($9.96)." 

The  Dental  Law  of  Japan  (Law  No.  48  of  the  39th  year  of 
Meiji,  1906)  provides: 

Article  I.  Any  person  who  wishes  to  become  a  dentist  is  re- 
quired to  have  one  of  the  following  qualifications,  and  obtain  license 
from  the  Minister  of  State  for  Home  Affairs:  (1)  that  he  has 
graduated  from  a  dental  school  designated  by  the  Minister  of  Edu- 
cation ;  (2)  that  he  has  succeeded  in  passing  the  examination  for 
dental  practice;  (3)  that  he  has  not  only  graduated  from  a  foreign 
dental  school  or  obtained  license  for  dental  practice  in  a  foreign 
country,  but  that  it  is  recognized  as  equal  to  what  is  required  by 
orders. 

Article  IT.  Any  person  coming  under  any  of  the  following 
clauses  is  not  allowed  to  obtain  license  for  dental  practice :  ( I ) 
that  he  has  been  sentenced  for  major  offence  (this,  however,  does 
not  apply  to  any  person  who  has  been  punished  for  a  political 
offence):  (2)  that  his  civil  rights  are  in  suspension;  (3)  that  he 
has  not  attained  proper  age,  or  has  been  adjudged  incompetent  or 
quasi-incompetent,  or  is  deaf,  dumb,  or  blind. 

Article  III.  The  license  may  not  be  granted  to  a  person  who 
has  been  either  punished  with  imprisonment  or  fined  in  connection 
with  medical  affairs. 

Article  IV.  The  Dentists'  Register  shall  be  kept  at  the  De- 
partment for  Home  Affairs,  and  particulars  relating  to  dental 
license  shall  be  therein  registered.  Particulars  of  registration  shall 
be  determined  by  orders. 

Article  V.  No  dentist  is  allowed  to  issue  a  medical  certificate, 
write  a  prescription,  or  treat  a  patient,  unless  he  personally  exam- 
ines such  patients. 


DENTAL      LAWS      CO  N  D  K  N  S  V.  1 1.  87 

Article  VI.  The  dentist  shall  keep  a  note-book,  and  register 
therein  the  name,  age,  residence,  occupation,  disease,  and  treatment 
of  every  patient  treated.  The  note-book  shall  be  preserved  for  ten 
years. 

Article  VII.  No  dentist  is  allowed  to  make  a  false  advertise- 
ment by  exaggerating  his  art.  or  announce  that  he  has  a  secret 
method  of  treatment. 

Article  VIII.  Dentists  may  establish  a  Dentists1  Association. 
Regulations  for  the  Dentists'  Association  shall  be  determined  by 
the  Minister  of  State  for  Home  Affairs. 

Article  IX.  The  Dentists1  Association  ma\  answer  inquiries 
of  the  government  authorities,  or  give  advice  to  them  concerning 
dental  and  sanitar)  affairs. 

Article  X.  The  license  of  am  dentist  who  comes  under  the 
first  or  third  clause  of  Article  II  shall  be  revoked.  When  a  dentist 
is  punished  with  imprisonment,  or  is  fined,  or  commits  a  wicked 
act  in  connection  with  his  profession,  his  license  shall  be  revoked. 
or  his  practice  shall  be  suspended  for  a  period  of  certain  length. 
The  same  applies  if  such  event  had  taken  place  before  he  obtained 
his  license.  A  dentist,  whose  license  has  been' revoked  according  to 
the  present  article,  may  regain  it  when  the  cause  stated  in  the  third 
clause  of  Article  II  ceases,  or  the  fact  that  he  is  truly  repentant  is 
beyond  suspicion.  The  revocation  stated  in  the  present  Article  shall 
be  executed  by  the  Minister  of  State  for  Home  Affairs;  in  the  case, 
however,  stated  in  the  second  clause,  or  in  the  later  half  of  the  third 
clause,  such  step  shall  be  taken  through  the  deliberation  of  the 
Central  Board  of  Health. 

Article  XL  Any  person  who  practises  dentistry  without  a 
license,  or  while  his  practice  is  in  suspension,  or  who  violates  Arti- 
cles V.,  VI.,  and  VII.,  shall  be  liable  to  a  penalty  of  not  exceeding 
three  hundred  yen  ($149.40). 

Article  XII.  The  present  law  shall  take  effect  on  and  after 
the  fir-t  day  of  <  ►ctober,  of  the  39th  year  of  Meiji  (1906). 

Article  XIII.  The  license  for  dental  practice  issued  before  the 
present  law  takes  effect,  shall  be  valid,  even  after  the  present  law- 
takes  effect. 

Imperial  Ordinance  Xo.  245  of  1906,  concerning  those  persons 
entitled  to  license  according  to  the  third  clause  of  Article  I.  of  the 
law  governing  dentists ;  Only  those  persons  are  entitled  to  license 
for  dental  practice  according  to  the  third  clause  of  Article  I.  of  the 
Law  Concerning  Dentists,  who  has  not  only  obtained  a  diploma 
from  a  foreign  dental  school,  or  license  for  dental  practice  in  a 
foreign  country,  but  who  are  adjudged  by  the  Minister  of  Home 
Affairs  as  properly  qualified.     (Translation.) 


88  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

"Batavia,  Java. 
"I  beg  to  inform  you  that  no  diploma 
Java.  from  any  foreign  (non-Dutch)   dental  col- 

lege is  recognized  in  Java.  Should  a  per- 
son wish  to  practise  in  this  colony,  he  must  pass  an  examination 
either  in  Holland  or  here,  and  it  would  be  advisable  to  pass  in  the 
former  place,  as  no  American  could  pass  the  examination  in 
Java. 

"Having  passed  the  required  examination  in  Holland  and 
obtained  a  Dutch  diploma,  no  objection  could  be  raised  by  the 
authorities  here  to  such  party  practising." 

"Seoul,  Chosen  (Korea),  February  28,  1912. 

"Graduates  of  recognized  foreign  den- 
Korea,  tal  schools,  who  possess  the  qualifications 
required  by  the  laws  of  Japan,  may 
obtain  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  Chosen.  Control  in  these 
matters  is  vested  in  the  Director  of  Internal  Affairs  Department 
and  the  Chief  of  Gendarmerie  and  Police  of  the  Government  Gen- 
eral of  Chosen  (Korea)." 

"Monrovia,  Liberia,  February  28,   191 2. 

"There    are    no    restrictions    whatever 

Liberia.  placed  on  a  competent  dental  practitioner 

in  Liberia,  and,  so  far  as  I  know,  there  is 

not  one  located  within  the  confines  of  the  Republic.     While  the 

country  is  in  need  of  good  dentists,  it  is  doubtful,  in  my  opinion, 

if  the  work  among  the  civilized  people  is  sufficient  in  quantity  to 

keep  one  doctor  busy  all  the  time,  should  he  locate  in  any  one  of 

the  centres  of  population  in  the  Republic ;  but,  if  the  man  should 

travel  from  one  place  to  the  other  within  the  Republic,  I  feel  sure 

that  he  would  be  able  to  obtain  all  the  work  he  could  do." 

"Tamatave,  Madagascar. 
"No  one  is  permitted  to  practise  den- 
Madagascar,  tistry  in  Madagascar  without  possessing 
a  French  diploma  in  that  profession.  The 
French  law  of  November,  1892,  prohibiting  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine and   dentistry  without  possessing  a   French   diploma   was 
made  applicable  in  the  Colony  of  Madagascar  on  June  5,  1901." 

"Malta,  November  28,  191 1. 
"The  Chief  of  the  Public  Health  De- 
Malta,  partment  informs  me  that  the  presenta- 
tion   of   a    diploma    from    a    satisfactory 
school,  and  personal  identification,  are  the  only  requirements. 


DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED.  89 

"In  regard  to  the  reputation  of  American  dentists  lure,  I  can 

that  it  is  most  .satisfactory.  There  arc  no  American  dentists 
in  Malta,  but  most  of  the  British  garrison,  and  those  Maltese  who 
have  lived  abroad,  or  travelled  on  the  Continent,  have  heard  of 
the  excellence  of  the  American  dentist.  Graduation  from  a  de- 
partment of  dentistry  of  any  of  the  universities  you  mention 
(Pennsylvania,  Michigan,  California,  Iowa,  Vanderbilt,  North- 
western, Harvard  and  Valparaiso  at  Chicago)  would  be  consid- 
ered highly  satisfactory  here. 

"I  should  advise  any  American  dentist  who  desires  to  prac- 
tise in  Malta  to  have  the  head  of  the  faculty  of  his  department 
attach  a  certificate,  attested  before  a  notary,  to  a  copy  of  the  cata- 
logue of  the  university  giving  the  curriculum  of  the  department 
of  dentistry,  and  stating  that  it  is  the  course  taken  by  the  gradu- 
ate who  is  presenting  his  diploma  for  approval.  With  a  pass- 
port from  the  American  government  as  identification,  he  would 
have  no  difficulty,  especially  if  he  will  take  the  trouble  to  call  at 
the  Consulate  and  be  introduced  to  the  health  authorities. 

"I  may  say  that  what  I  have  written  must  not  be  taken  to 
mean  that  I  am  advising  any  young  American  dentist  to  settle 
here.  Success  depends  upon  so  many  different  things,  and  so 
much  upon  the  individual  that  I  am  afraid  to  advise  in  the  matter. 
Malta  is  also  a  foreign  country  and  the  customs  are  different." 

"Mukden,  Manchuria. 
"So  far  as  Manchuria  is  concerned,  no 
Manchuria.  examination  or  license  is  required.    Man- 

churia, however,  at  present  does  not  offer 
any  hopeful  field  for  American  dentists.  The  number  of  foreign- 
ers resident  here  is  very  small,  and  the  Chinese  are  comparatively 
free  from  the  need  of  dental  services.  When  they  do  require 
them,  they  seem  to  obtain  satisfaction  from  the  Japanese  dentists 
in  practice  here,  whose  fees  are  smaller  than  an  American  dentist 
could  afford  to  charge." 

"City  of  Mexico,  Mexico,  February  3,  1912. 

"I  am  informed  that  for  a  person  to 

Mexico.  practise  dentistry  here,  it  is  not  longer 

necessary  to  register  a  diploma,  but  the 

party  is  only  required  to  call  at  the  Municipal  Tax  Office  of  the 

town  in  which  he  locates,  register  and  thereafter  pay  a  small 

monthly  tax. 

"Further,  as  to  openings  which  exist  in  Mexico  for  American 
dentists,  I  have  to  say  that  there  are  many  American  dentists  in 
each  of  the  large  cities  in  Mexico,  but  we  all  know  that  success 
in  any  business  or  profession   depends  upon  the  man  himself. 

7 


90  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED. 

However,  I  certainly  suggest  that  no  professional  man  should 
come  to  Mexico  unless  he  is  in  a  comparatively  good  financial 
position." 

"Tangier,  Morocco,  March  22,  1912. 
"Owing  to  the  regime  of  extra   terri- 
Morocco.  torialty  existing  in   Morocco    (b)'"  which 

all  matters  legal  or  otherwise,  appertain- 
ing to  the  subjects  of  foreign  powers  resident  in  Morocco,  are 
left  to  the  regulation  of  the  nation  of  which  the  person  is  a  sub- 
ject) there  are  no  qualifications  required  for  the  practice  of  den- 
tistry in  this  country.  A  certificate  of  graduation,  however, 
would  become  indispensable  to  any  person  desiring  to  practise 
dentistry  here,  as  otherwise  the  confidence  of  this  community 
would  be  entirely  lacking,  and  this  would  result  in  a  serious 
hindrance  to  the  establishment  of  a  practice  among  the  best 
classes  of  the  population. 

"There  is  undoubtedly  a  demand  for  a  qualified  dentist  at 
the  present  time  in  Morocco." 

NOTE. — As  we  are  about  to  go  to  press  we  learn  that  a  treaty  has  just 
been  signed  in  Paris  by  the  Sultan  of  Morocco,  making  Morocco  a  Pro- 
tectorate of  France.  Under  these  circumstances  it  is  probable  that  the 
French  Dental  Law  will  be  enforced  in  Morocco. 

"Nassau,  New  Providence  I..  November  1,  191 1. 

"There  are  no  laws  governing  the  prac- 
New  Providence  I.  tice  of  dentistry  in  Nassau.  With  a  pop- 
ulation of  about  14,000,  of  whom  about 
9000  are  negroes,  and  two  dentists  in  regular  practice  in  the  city, 
■there  hardly  seems  to  be  room  for  more,  though  American  den- 
tists sometimes  come  here  for  the  winter  season  and  seem  to  get 
a  fair  amount  of  work. 

"No  special  qualifications  are  needed  for  practice  here  and 
no  license  is  required.  Diplomas  from  American  colleges  or  uni- 
versities of  good  standing,  are  highly  regarded." 

"Auckland,  New  Zealand,  March  14.  1912. 
"The  Dental  College  of  the  University 
New  Zealand.  of  Pennsylvania  is  well  known  in   New 

Zealand,  and  a  diploma  from  that  and 
similar  institutions  of  equal  merit  would  be  considered  equivalent 
to  a  degree  in  dental  surgery  of  the  University  of  New  Zealand. 
The  city  of  Auckland  is  well  supplied  with  dentists,  including  one 
prominent  American  establishment  which  has  a  branch  in  Well- 
ington, and  several  other  practitioners  who  were  educated  in  den- 
tistry at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  I  know  of  no  particular 
opening. 


[  i  i .  \  T  A  I.      LAWS      CONDENSE  D.  91 

••The  Dental  Act  of  i<£>8  (consolidating  all  previous  Acts) 
j>r<  ivides: 

"  'Section  10.  Every  adult  person  shall  he  entitled,  on  appli- 
cation to  the  Registrar-General  and  on  payment  of  the  prescribed 
fee,  to  he  registered  as  a  dentist   who 

"'ia)  Is  registered  or  is  entitled  to  be  registered  in  the 
United  Kingdom  in  accordance  with  the  law  for  the  time  being 
in  force  therein  as  a  dentist  or  medical  practitioner;  or 

"■  '(h)  Is  the  holder  of  a  degree  in  dental  surgery  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  Zealand,  or  has  gone  through  such  course  of  study 
and  professional  practice  and  training,  passed  such  examinations 
and  obtained  from  the  Senate  (of  the  university)  such  certificate 
of  proficiency  in  dental  surgery  or  dentistry  as  the  Senate  by 
regulations  prescribes ;  or 

"'(c)  Is  entitled,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
Act.  to  he  registered  as  a  foreign  or  British  dentist.' 

"  'Section  \2.  Any  person  showing  that  he  holds  some  recog- 
nized certificate  as  hereinafter  defined,  granted  in  a  British  pos- 
session, and  that  he  is  of  good  character,  shall  upon  payment  of 
the  fees  be  entitled,  without  examination,  to  be  registered  under 
this  Act' 

"  'Section  13.  Any  person  showing  that  he  holds  some 
recognized  certificate  as  hereinafter  defined,  granted  in  a  foreign 
country,  and  that  he  is  of  good  character,  and  either  continues  to 
"hold  such  certificate  or  has  not  been  deprived  thereof  for  any 
cause  which  disqualifies  him  for  heing  registered  under  this  Act, 
shall  upon  payment  of  the  fees  be  entitled,  without  examination, 
to  be  registered  under  this  Act.' 

"  'Section  14.  The  certificate  granted  in  a  British  possession 
or  in  a  foreign  country  which  is  to  be  deemed  such  a  recognized 
certificate  as  is  required  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  shall  be  such 
certificate,  diploma,  membership,  degree,  license,  letters,  testir 
monials  or  other  title,  status  or  document  as  may  be  recognized 
by  the  Senate  as  entitling  the  holder  thereof  to  practise  dentistry 
or  dental  surgery  in  such  possession  or  country  and  as  furnishing 
sufficient  guarantee  of  the  prossession  of  the  requisite  knowledge 
and  skill  for  the  efficient  practise  of  dentistry  or  dental  surgery."  " 

"Christiana,  Norway,  February  21,  1912. 
"An  American,  although  he  is  in  pos- 
Norway.  session   of   a   diploma   from    a   reputable 

American  dental  college,  from  which  he 
has  graduated,  will  not  be  permitted  to  practise  dentistry  in  Nor- 
way, until  he  shall  have  passed  an  examination  before  the  Nor- 
wegian Dental  Examining  Board." 


9'2  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED, 

"Legacion  de  Panama,  Washington,  D.  C. 

"Any  person  holding  a  diploma  from  a 

Panama.  reputable  dental  college  from  anywhere 

in  the  world  can  practise  dentistry  here, 

provided  that  the  applicant  pass  an  examination  before  a  board 

appointed  for  that  purpose,  and  upon  payment  of  a  fee  of  $50  for 

a  certificate." 

"Asuncion,  Paraguay. 
"Diplomas  from  American  dental  col- 
Paraguay,  leges  are  not  accepted  here.     Diplomas 
from  the  colleges  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, from  Uruguay  and  from  Peru  entitle  the  possessor  to  prac- 
tise  in   Paraguay  without   examination,   but   American   dentists 
would  be  obliged  to  pass  the  examination  before  the  local  board. 
Three  American   dentists  are   now   practising  in   Paraguay.     I 
would  not  advise  a  dentist  to  come  here  unless  under  a  contract. 
Spanish   is  the  language  of  the   country,   and  a   dentist   should 
understand  and  speak  that  tongue  in  order  to  be  successful." 

"Legation  de  Perse,  Washington,  D.  C. 
"If  a  graduate  of  a  reputable  American 
Persia.  dental  college  wishes  to  practise  his  pro- 

fession in  Persia,  his  diploma  must  be 
certified  by  the  proper  authorities,  viz. :  By  the  Secretary  of 
State  in  his  own  State,  by  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United 
States,  and  then  the  Legation  will  certify  the  Secretaries  of  State 
and  the  U.  S.  seal.  The  applicant  must  have  practised  dentistry 
for  three  years.    This  is  all  that  is  required." 

"Callao,  Peru,  December  27th,  191 1. 

•       "The  Peruvian  regulations  require  that 

Peru.  physicians  and  dentists  who  are  graduates 

of  foreign  universities,  and  who  desire  to 

practise  their  profession   in   Peru,  shall  present  themselves  before 

the  Faculty  of  Medicine  of  the  University  of  Lima,  bringing  with 

them  the  diploma  of  the  university  from  which  they  have  graduated, 

with  the  signatures  properly  legalized  by  the  Peruvian  Ministry  of 

Foreign  Affairs,  and  a  certificate  of  personal  identity  issued  by  the 

Minister  or  Consul  of  the  nation  of  the  applicant  resident  in  Lima. 

In  the  absence  of  these  officially,  there  must  be  produced  a  legal 

identification  by  witnesses. 

"Graduate  dentists  of  foreign  universities  must  pay  the  fees  of 
matriculation,  which  amount  to  $244,  and  stand  two  examinations 
in  this  order:  1.  Theoretical,  which  comprises  anatomy  and  physi- 
ology   of    the    mouth ;    2.  Theoretical-practical,    which    comprises 


DENTAL     I.  A  W  S     CONDENSE  D.  93 

pathology  of  the  mouth,  and  the  performance  of  one  operation   in 
dental  surgery. 

'The  requirements  for  surgeon  dentists  who  desire  taking  the 
examinations  above  referred  to  are  the  same  as  those  exacted  of 
physicians  and  surgeons,  namely :  The  fees,  which  are  to  be  paid 
before  taking  the  examinations,  amount  to  $493  American  currency, 
which  is  the  equivalent  of  the  dues  incurred  by  an  alumnus  receiv- 
ing his  medical  instruction  in  the  University  of  Lima.  The  exam- 
ination- are  five  in  number,  and  are  taken  in  the  following  order: 

"r.  Theoretical-practical.  The  theoretical  comprises  descrip- 
tive, general,  normal,  and  pathological,  anatomy,  and  general  and 
human  physiology.  The  practical  consists  in  actual  dissection  of 
the  cadaver,  together  with  a  proper  description  of  such  dissection. 

Theoretical-practical.  The  theoretical  comprises  general 
pathology,  and  internal  and  external  nosography.  while  the  practical 
consists  in  the  performance  of  one  or  two  surgical  operations  upon 
the  cadaver. 

"3.  Theoretical,  which  comprises  medical  natural  history, 
medical  chemistry,  and  medical  physics. 

"4.  Theoretical,  which  embraces  therapeutics,  and  materia 
medica,  medical  jurisprudence  and  toxicology,  and  hygiene. 

Practical,  which  comprises  the  clinical  examination  of  a 
patient,  another  of  surgery,  and  another  of  obstetrics  ;  also,  diag- 

.  treatment,  and  clinical  histories. 

"Persons  in  the  United  States  contemplating  practising  these 
professions  in  Peru,  and  desiring  more  detailed  information  than 
is  here  presented,  or  printed  copies  of  the  exact  laws,  regulations, 
etc..  governing  such  matters,  should  invariably  address  themselves 
to  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  of  the  University  of  Lima 
(El  Decano  de  la  Facultad  de  Medicina  de  la  Universidad  de 
Lima).  Dr.  Ernesto  Odriozola,  Lima,  Peru." 

"Manila,  Philippine  Islands. 
"In  reply  to  your  question,  I  will  state 
Philippines.  that    none    but    graduates    from    reputable 

colleges  are  eligible  for  examination  .in  the 

Philippine-.'' 

"Lisbon,   Portugal,  January   19th,   1912. 

"The  new  law  has  been   signed  by  the 

Portugal.  Minister,  and,  I  am  informed,  allows  only 

doctors   of   medicine   to   practise   dentistry. 

To-day.  however.  I  interviewed  one  of  the  most  prominent  dentists 

here,  who  told  me  that  several  important  modifications  are  to  be 

made  in  the  near  future,  and  that  it  would  be  useless  to  report  on 

the  law  in  its  present  form." 


94  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED. 

"Frankfort-on-Main,  Prussia,  March  9,  1912. 

"The   practice   of    dentistry   is    open   in 
Prussia.  Prussia  to  anyone  who  pays  the   required 

fee,  and  causes  his  name  to  be  inscribed 
in  the  Gewerbe-Register  (Industrial  Register). 

"Formerly,  academic  titles  conferred  by  foreign  institutions  of 
learning  were  pretty  generally  recognized,  but  since  1897  the  situ- 
ation is  as  follows : 

"According  to  a  decree  of  April  7,  1897,  foreigners  residing  in 
Prussia  cannot  make  use  of  an  academic  title  conferred  by  an  insti- 
tution outside  of  the  German  Empire,  unless  special  permission  has 
been  obtained  from  the  Prussian  Ministry  for  Religious,  Educa- 
tional, and  Medical  Affairs.  This  -decree  did  not  apply  to  titles 
conferred  before  that  date.  There  are  consequently  a  number  of 
American  dentists  here,  established  before  1897,  who  are  allowed  to 
make  use  of  titles  conferred  on  them  by  American  dental  schools. 

"At  present,  an  American  dentist  can  practise  here  after  in- 
scribing his  name  in  the  Gewerbe-Register,  but  he  cannot  call  him- 
self Zahnarzt  unless  he  has  obtained  permission  from  the  Prussian 
Ministry  in  Berlin.  In  the  local  directory,  dentists  who  have  re- 
ceived their  degrees  in  Germany  are  classed  as  Zahnaerzte  (dent- 
ists), whereas  those  who  have  been  prepared  abroad  are  called 
Zahnheilkundige — approbiert  im  Ausland  (Skilled  in  dentistry — 
examined  abroad). 

"There  are  a  considerable  number  of  American  dentists  at 
Frankfort,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  there  is  much  opportunity  here  for 
young  dentists,  unless  they  should  be  taken  into  some  well-estab- 
lished office.  In  some  of  the  smaller  German  cities  there  are  still 
good  opportunities  for  American  dentists." 

"Bucharest,  Roumania. 
"The  dentist  in  Roumania  applies  for  a 
Roumania.  license   to   practise    under   the   Roumanian 

Sanitary  Law,  which  provides  for  the 
licensure  of  physicians,  dentists,  veterinarians,  pharmacists,  and 
midwives.  The  authority  of  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  published 
in  the  official  Monitor,  is  necessary.  The  right  to  practise  the  above 
professions  is  given  to  possessors  of  academic  degrees  granted  by 
schools  in  Roumania,  and  holders  of  degrees  and  diplomas  bestowed 
by  foreign  faculties  upon  Roumanian  subjects;  similar  rights  are 
granted  to  persons  born  in  the  country  (not  citizens)  who  have  re- 
ceived their  secondary  education  in  Roumania. 

"Persons  possessing  foreign  diplomas  must,  in  order  to  obtain 
the  right  to  practise,  first  pass  an  examination.  Only  those  persons 
who  hold  diplomas  deemed  equivalent  to  those  provided  for  accord- 
ing to  the  law  on  instruction,  are  admitted  to  take  the  examination. 


DEN  T  A  I,      LAWS      CONDENSED.  95 

The  examination  is  conducted  by  the  General  Board  of  the  Sanitary 
Service,  under  the  supervision  of  a  Council  composed  as  follows: 
For  dentists,  of  two  members  being  surgeons  of  the  Superior  Sani- 
tary Council,  and  one  dentist  named  by  the  Sanitary  Board.  Candi- 
date for  examination  must  pay  the  fees  pertaining  thereto.  Doctors 
of  medicine,  veterinary  surgeons,  and  pharmacists  must  pay  three 
hundred  lei  (francs),  equal  to  about  $47.90  U.  S.  currency.  A 
special  regulation  will  determine  the  matter  of  holding  such  exam- 
ination, and  the  payment  of  fees.' 

Article  83  provides:  "Dentistry,  as  is  the  case  with  any  other 
specialty  of  medical  practice,  cannot  be  practised  by  persons  other 
than  doctors  of  medicine,  having  obtained  such  right  according  to 
the  terms  of  this  law,  and  having  a  diploma  or  certificate  which 
confers  the  right  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  country.  Dentists 
without  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  but  who  have  studied 
their  specialty  in  a  school  of  dentistry,  and  who  have  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  dentistry  four  years  prior  to  the  time  of  the  pro- 
mulgation of  this  law,  shall  continue  to  have  such  right  to  practise. 
All  those  who  have  obtained  the  right  to  practise  under  previous 
legislation  shall  continue  to  enjoy  the  right  to  practise.  Persons 
without  academic  degrees,  and  designated  as  "dental  mechanics" 
will  only  be  allowed  to  work  in  connection  with  doctors  and  dentists 
who  practise  according  to  the  terms  of  this  law." 

In  regard  to  Secret  Partnerships,  Article  83  provides:  "The 
formation  of  a  partnership  by  which  such  a  person  (dental 
mechanic)  places  himself  under  the  protection  of  a  doctor  of  medi- 
cine who  does  not  practise  dentistry,  for  the  purpose  of  thus  prac- 
tising in  an  illegal  manner  this  specialty  of  medicine,  is  considered 
as  a  violation  of  the  law,  and  the  offender  will  be  prosecuted.  A 
doctor  who  is  proven  to  have  conveyed  to  another  by  such  a  secret 
understanding,  a  right  which  according  to  the  law  is  absolutely 
personal,  shall  be  subjected  to  a  fine  of  from  two  hundred  to  two 
thousand  lei  (francs),  and  the  person  who  has  profited  by  such  a 
right,  which  the  law  does  not  recognize  as  belonging  to  him,  shall  be 
considered  as  practising  medicine  illegally,  and  shall  be  prosecuted 
according  to  the  terms  of  Art.  88." 

"St.  Petersburg,  Russia,  February  19th,   1912. 

"All  persons  wishing  to  practise  den- 
Russia,  tistry  in  Russia  are  required  to  produce  a 
certificate  showing  that  they  have  grad- 
uated from  at  least  six  classes  of  a  high  school  (gymnasium),  and 
must  pass  their  examinations,  conducted  in  the  Russian  language. 
These  examinations  are  held  in  an  Imperial  Military  Medical  Acad- 
emy or  an  Imperial  Russian  University,  and  are  as  follows : 

"Theoretical:  1. — General  pathology  and  pathological  anat- 
omy.    2. — Phamacology  and  medical  prescription  as  applied  in  the 


c)6  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED. 

practice  of  dentistry.  3. — Pathology  and  therapeutics  of  the  hollow 
of  the  mouth  and  teeth  and  hygiene  of  the  same. 

"Practical:  4. — Anatomy  and  physiology  of  the  hollow  of  the 
mouth,  with  demonstration  of  anatomical  preparations.  5. — Clinical 
examination  in  connection  with  the  practice  of  dentistry.  6. — 
Technics  appertaining  to  artificial  teeth  and  filling  of  teeth,  with 
demonstration  of  technical  process. 

"All  graduates  of  foreign  dental  colleges  must  take  the  exam- 
inations in  order  to  obtain  a  license  to  practise." 

"San  Salvador,  Salvador. 
"Neither    diploma    nor    examination    is 
Salvador.  necessary  in  order  to  practise  dentistry  in 

this  Consular  District.  Honduras  and 
Salvador  are  the  same  in  regard  to  requirements." 

"Dresden,  Saxony,  February  28th,  191 2. 
"There    is    no    Saxon    dental    law,    the 
Saxony.  practice    of    dentistry    being    governed    by 

Imperial  laws,  which  are  very  voluminous. 
The  conditions  and  requirements  for  practising  dentistry  in  Ger- 
many are  briefly  as  follows :  Neither  license  nor  diploma  is  required 
to  practise,  nor  is  there  any  examination.  There  are  two  classes  of 
dentists ;  the  Zahnarzt,  who  has  attended  a  dental  school  attached 
to  a  German  University,  and  who  receives  a  license  (not  diploma) 
upon  passing  his  examinations ;  and  the  Zahnkunstler  or  Zahntech- 
niker,  who  has  taken  no  course  of  lectures.  The  latter  is  allowed 
to  practise  dentistry  as  a  business,  as  German  law  provides  that 
every  man  is  entitled  to  earn  his  living  at  his  trade.  It  is  under 
the  latter  head  that  the  American  dentist  is  allowed  to  locate  and 
practise. 

"The  American  diploma  is  not  recognized  by  law,  and  the  use 
of  the  American  degree  is  prohibited  on  the  ground  that  no  foreign 
degree  shall  be  recognized  which  does  not  obtain  in  Germany,  and 
also  from  the  fact  that  American  dental  colleges  are  not  under  State 
control,  and  are  therefore  looked  upon  as  being  inferior  (or  at  least 
the  diploma)  to  those  in  Germany.  The  use  even  of  business  or  visit- 
ing cards  bearing  the  D.  D.  S.  or  degree  is  prohibited.  In  my  opin- 
ion, there  is  no  opening  for  further  American  dentists  in  Saxony,  as 
each  large  city  has  from  two  to  six  American  dentists  already  prac- 
tising, in  addition  to  numerous  German  dentists." 

"Edinburgh,  Scotland,  Aprill  11,  1912. 

"Dentistry  has   made  great  progress  in 

Scotland.  this  country  during  the  last  twenty  years. 

Facilities   for   dental   education   have   been 

increased   and    improved,   and   the    requirements    for   obtaining   the 

license  have  been  advanced.     As  a  result,  the  standard  of  the  pro- 


DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED.  97 

on  is  now  high,  not  a  few  of  the  members  having  had  six  or 
twelve  months'  experience  of  practical  work  in  leading  American 
1  colleges,  or  in  the  offices  of  prominent  American  dentists, 
after  passing  the  examinations  here. 

"The  question  yon  put  as  to  the  conditions  under  which  an 
American  graduate  may  be  admitted  to  the  examinations  of  the 
college  i-  one  that  has  aot  infrequently  been  put  to  me  by  gentle- 
men who  desire  to  practise  here  or  in  a  British  Colony.  I  should 
draw  your  attention  first  of  all  to  the  fact  that  a  license  to  practise 
dentistry  is  only  obtained  by  registration  on  the  Dentists'  Register 
which  in  turn  can  only  be  obtained  by  holders  of  a  British  degree 
or  license,  which  again  can  now  only  be  obtained  by  fulfilling  the 
required  curriculum  of  study  and  passing  the  prescribed  ex- 
••. initiation.-. 

"The  :urriculum  in  American  dental  schools  differs  somewhat 
from  that  in  force  here,  so  far  as  what  may  be  called  the  general 
subjects  (as  Anatomy.  Physiology,  Medicine,  Surgery,  and  attend- 
ance at  a  general  hospital)  are  concerned.  Then,  again,  an  examin- 
ation in  general  or  preliminary  education,  while  insisted  on  here, 
is  quite  generally  dispensed  with  in  America.  As  a  consequence,  it 
very  seldom  (never  in  my  experience)  happens  that  an  American 
L.D.S.  is  in  a  position  to  at  once  satisfy  the  requirements  of  the 
college  in  respect  to  his  curriculum,  and  the  absence  of  any  proof 
of  having  passed  any  preliminary  examination  is  often  a  stumbling 

block. 

"The  holders  of  certain  degrees  or  licenses  in  dental  surgery 

gnized  by  the  college  will  be  admitted  to  the  First  and  Second 
Professional  Examinations,  with  exemption  in  the  subjects  of 
chemistry  and  physics,  provided  they  produce  evidence  (a)  of 
having  passed  a  satisfactory  preliminary  examination  in  general 
education,  lb)  of  having  completed  the  curriculum  of  profes- 
sional study  required  by  these  regulations,  and  (c)  of  having  passed 
the  required  professional  examinations  for  their  degree  or  license 
in  dental  surgery.  The  following  are  the  degrees  and  licenses  at 
present  recognized : 

D.M.D. — University  of  Harvard. 

D.D.S. — University  of  Pennsylvania. 

D.D.S. — University  of  Michigan. 

License  of  Dental  Board  of  Victoria,  Australia. 

Bac.  Den.  Surg. — University  of  Sydney,  Australia. 

Every  candidate  for  a  license  to  practise  dental  surgery  must 
produce  certificates  showing: 

i.    That  he  is  21  years  of  age. 

2.  That  he  has  been  registered  as  a  dental  student. 

3.  That  he  has  completed  his  period  of  attendance  on  all 
the  subjects  for  the  examinations  desired. 


98  DENTAL     LAWS      CONDENSED. 

4.  That  he  has  subsequently  to  the  date  of  registration  been 
engaged  in  professional  study  for  at  least  four  years. 

5.  That  he  has  attended  courses  of  instruction  in  the  following 
general  subjects  of  a  recognized  medical  school:  (a)  Chemistry, 
with  laboratory  instruction,  for  at  least  five  months,  and  Physics, 
with  laboratory  instruction,  for  at  least  two  and  a  half  months; 
(b)  Human  Anatomy — Lectures,  for  at  least  five  months;  (c) 
Dissections,  with  demonstrations,  for  ten  months;  (d)  Physiology, 
with  laboratory  instruction,  for  five  months ;  (e)  Surgery,  includ- 
ing Surgical  Pathology,  for  five  months;  (f)  Medicine,  including 
Medical  Pathology,  for  five  months ;  (g)  The  practice  of  a  recog- 
nized General  Hospital,  with  certified  instruction  in  Clinical  Sur- 
gery and  Clinical  Medicine,  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months. 

The  requirements  which  American  graduates  have  most  diffi- 
culty in  satisfying  are  embodied  in  Section  5  of  the  foregoing, 
and  the  important  question  is — how  are  these  difficulties  sur- 
mounted ?  I  think  a  good  man,  not  afraid  of  work,  if  he  can  get 
over  the  preliminary  examination  difficulty,  might  manage  to  get 
in  the  balance  of  the  curriculum  in  one  year — though  it  really 
means  hard  work.  As  regards  the  purely  dental  part  of  the  cur- 
riculum, the  college  recognizes  qualifying  courses  of  instruction 
given  at  any  reputable  school,  so  there  is  usually  no  difficulty  about 
that  part,  the  only  exception  perhaps  being  Comparative  Dental 
Anatomy.  At  any  rate,  all  subjects  can  be  overtaken  in  twelve 
months,  the  first  professional  examination  certainly  should  be  passed 
at  the  end  of  that  time ;  and  if  the  candidate  is  an  exceptionally  good, 
earnest  student,  the  final  also  is  possible. 

You  should  understand  that  here  we  have  three  bodies  con- 
cerned in  dental  education,  viz: 

1.  The  Medical  Council,  which  prescribes  the  curriculum  and 
keeps  the  dental  register. 

2.  The  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  which  conducts  the  exam- 
ination and  grants  the  diploma. 

3.  The  Dental  Hospital  and  School,  which  provides  the 
instruction. 

This  multiplication  and  complexity  of  governing  bodies  is  not 
easily  understood  by  your  graduates,  accustomed  to  a  simpler  order 
of  things." 

"Belgrade,  Servia. 
"The    Servian    Law    requires   the    same 
Servia.  qualifications  from   dentists  as  from  prac- 

tising physicians,  viz. :  Par.  9.  of  the 
amended  Law  of  1904  relative  to  physicians  says :  'Every  physician, 
including  dentists,  who  desires  to  obtain  the  right  to  freely  practise 
in  Servia,  has  to  be  a  Servian  citizen,  must  have  graduated  as 
doctor  of  medicine,  or  possess  certificate  from  a  medical  college  of 


DENTAL  LAWS.  CONDENSED.  99 

equal  academic  rank;  he  has,  besides,  to  pass  a  Government  exam- 
ination in  Servia,  before  a  committee  composed  of  members  of  the 
General  Medical  Council,  and  has  to  serve  for  one  year  as  assistant 
physician  at  one  of  the  State  hospitals  named  by  the  Minister  of  the 
Interior.  The  last  quoted  provision  does  not  apply  to  candidates 
who  can  prove  that  after  the}  have  graduated  as  doctor  of  medicine 
they  have  spent  one  year  as  students  at  some  recognized  foreign 
hospital  or  clinic." 

"Siamese  Legation,  Washington,  D.  C. 
"There  are  no  legal  obstacles  in  the  way 
Siam.  of  foreigners  desiring  to  practise  dentistry 

in  Siam.  and  a  properly  qualified  dentist 
holding  the  diploma  of  such  universities  as  Harvard  and  Pennsyl- 
vania would  be  free  to  open  an  office  in  Siam." 

"Vladivostok,  Siberia,  March  14th,  1912. 

"Before    foreign     dentists    can    perma- 

Siberia.  nently    locate    and    practise    in    Russia    or 

Siberia,  it  is  necessary  for  them  to  pass  the 

Russian   examination.      Special   permits   are,   however,   occasionally 

granted  for  the  purpose  of  practising  temporarily,  a  time  limit  being 

fixed.     While  there  are  a  number  of  dentists  in  this  city,  they  are 

not,  as  a  rule,   acquainted  with  up-to-date   methods,  and   there  is 

undoubtedly  a  good  opening  for  American  dentists  in  some  of  the 

larger  cities  of  Siberia."     S<^i^fUo^r±,   **?**.  /<T 

"Capo  Town,  Etouth  Africa,  March  flj,  1912. 

"Up  to  date,  no  restrictions  have  been 
South  Africa.  imposed  on  the  practice  of  dentistry.     A 

diploma  of  any  leading  dental  college  in 
America  receives  due  recognition. 

"  \s  to  openings  in  the  Straits  Settlements,  there  have  been  sev- 
eral American  dentists  practising  in  this  district  from  time  to  time, 
and  at  present  I  know  of  two,  one  of  whom  at  least  is  meeting  with 
considerable  success.  The  other  is  catering  more  to  the  native  and 
Chinese  trade.  I  believe  that  a  first-class  dentist  catering  to  the 
European  trade  would  be  successful." 

"Barcelona,  Spain,  February  22d,  1912. 

"Persons     possessing     dental     diplomas 

Spain.  from   foreign  universities   and   desiring  to 

practise    in    Spain    must   pass    the    regular 

prescribed  examination.     This  will  be  given,  upon  request,  in  the 

language  of  the  applicant.     Openings  for  the  practice  of  dentistry 

are  few,  and  foreigners  are  discouraged  from  coming  in  every  way 

possible.*' 


IOO  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

"Madrid,  Spain,  March  12th,  1912. 
"Requirements  for  the  practice  of  dental  surgery  in  Spain:  'In 
order  to  practise  dentistry  in  Spain,  it  is  first  necessary  to  make 
application  for  permission  to  do  so  to  the  Minister  of  Public  In- 
struction at  Madrid.  The  application  must  be  accompanied  by  your 
diploma,  duly  legalized  by  the  Spanish  Consul-General  at  New 
York,  also  a  duly  certified  translation  of  the  same.  The  registration 
tax  is  230  pesetas  (about  $40),  payable  when  the  permission  to 
practise  has  been  granted."  ^ 

"Singapore^  S.  S.,  March  ijth-,  191 2. 
"With    reference   to   the    status   of    a 
Straits  Settlements,     dentist   holding  a   diploma  from   a  United 
States  Dental  College,  I  am  informed  as 
follows:     Since  1898,  no  diploma  issuing  from  the  United  States 
of  America  has  been  recognized  here,  unless  the  party  holding  it 
was  Colonial-born.    A  native  of  this  Colony  holding  a  diploma  from 
such  universities  as  those  of  Pennsylvania,  Harvard  and  Michigan, 
will  be  allowed  to  practise  without  further  qualifications.     If,  how- 
ever, the  applicant  is  not  native-born,  he  must  have  studied  under  a 
local  dentist  for  two  years  or  over,  and  have  afterwards  spent  an- 
other two  years  in  pursuing  his  studies  in  England ;  the  alternative 
being  that  he  must  have  spent  four  years  in  England ;  in  either 
case  receiving  an  English  diploma. 

"It  will  be  noted  that  so  far  diplomas  issuing  from  the  three 
universities  named  are  the  only  ones  which  have  been  recognized, 
even  in  the  case  of  the  Colonial-born  applicants." 

"Stockholm,  Sweden,  Februarj'  28,  1912. 
"For  a   dentist  to  practise   dentistry  in 
Sweden.  Sweden,  he  must  be  a   Swedish  student 

and  have  taken  the  Swedish  examination, 
before  obtaining  a  position  as  assistant  to  a  Swedish  dentist;  sec- 
ond, he  must  become  a  Swedish  citizen.  If  he  is  in  possession  of 
an  American  diploma,  he  can  apply  to  the  king  to  get  dispensa- 
tion without  examination.  There  are  no  exceptional  opportuni- 
ties for  American  dentists  in  this  country." 

"Zurich,  Switzerland,  February  16,  1912. 
Switzerland.  "It  is  practically  impossible  for  a  for- 

eigner to  obtain  a  license  to  practise  den- 
tistry in  the  Confederation,  without  taking  the  regular  course 
in  the  schools  of  the  country,  requiring  at  least  three  years  before 
he  can  be  designated  for  the  examination,  which  must  be  in  Ger- 
man, and  presents  many  difficulties.  A  diploma  from  an  Ameri- 
can college  gives  the  holder  no  privileges  or  advantages.     They 


li  i;  \  T  A  1.      LAWS      C  O  N  D  E  N  S  K  1>.  IOI 

are  n<»t  accepted  in  Switzerland.  (  me  American  dentist  in  Zurich 
has  been  practising  as  an  understudy  with  a  Swiss  For  ten  yi 
lie  has  a  diploma  lYi'in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  has 
an  excellent  reputation  in  his  profession,  bul  lu-  has  never  heen 
able  to  obtain  a  license  to  practise  in  his  own  name,  notwith- 
Standing  that  he  has  powerful  influences  hack  of  him,  even  to 
men  high  up  in  the  profession  and  in  the  College  of  Mental  Sur- 
gery in  the  Swiss  University. 

"American  dentists  stand  high  in  Switzerland,  as  they  do 
elsewhere  in  Europe,  but,  as  above  stated,  the  law  and  the  opposi- 
tion of  dentists  in  the  country  make  it  practically  impossible  to 
obtain  permission  to  practise.  The  American  dentists  here  are 
Swiss  citizens,  who  got  their  degrees  in  American  colleges." 

"Jerusalem,  Syria,  March  15,  1912. 
"The  Turkish  regulations  provide  that 
Syria.  a  foreigner,  in  order  to  practise  dentistry, 

must  be  possessed  of  a  diploma  from 
some  regularly  recognized  foreign  dental  school,  and  that  this 
diploma  must  be  registered  with  the  local  government  at  the 
place  where  the  dentist  in  question  desires  to  locate.  In  fact, 
however,  there  seems  to  be  little  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Jeru- 
salem Government  to  enforce  these  regulations. 

"While  there  is  not  now  so  good  an  opportunity  for  an 
American  dentist  as  existed  two  years  ago  (an  Englishman  hav- 
ing established  himself  here  within  that  period),  there  still  re- 
mains a  fairly  profitable  field  for  moderate  priced  work.  With 
the  exception  of  the  English  dentist  already  referred  to,  there 
is  also  a  properly  qualified  German  and  a  large  number  of  others 
whose  qualifications  are  doubtful.  Any  American  with  a  diploma 
from  one  of  the  institutions  you  mention  (Universities  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Iowa,  California,  Harvard,  Minnesota,  Vanderbilt, 
Michigan,  Valparaiso  at  Chicago,  Northwestern  University), 
would  have  no  difficulty  in  securing  a  permit  to  practise  den- 
tistry. 

"The  Syrian  Protestant  College  at  Beirut,  Syria,  has  recently 
opened  a  course  in  dentistry,  and  in  a  few  years  the  graduates  of 
this  school  will  probably  have  filled  any  available  opportunities 
in  this  part  of  Turkey.  I  would  suggest  that  any  person  who 
contemplates  coming  to  Syria  to  practise  ought  to  correspond 
with  the  professor  of  dentistry  at  the  aforementioned  college." 

"Beirut,  Syria.  March  20,  1912. 

"The  laws  of  Turkey  to-day  require  that  all  who  desire  to 
practise  dentistry  within  the  Ottoman  Empire  must  be  in  legal 
possession  of  a  diploma  from  a  recognized  dental  school  such  as 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Harvard,  etc..  must  present  the 
same  at  Constantinople  to  the   Imperial  Medical   Council,  who 


102  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

will  license  the  applicant  after  a  pro  forma  colloquial  examina- 
tion.   This  is  done  at  an  expense  of  about  twelve  pounds  sterling. 

"Should  the  applicant  fail  to  give  satisfaction  at  the  above 
mentioned  examination,  he  is  given  another  chance,  at  a  later 
date,  when  the  examination  is  a  full  examination  in  writing  of 
all  of  the  regular  dental  subjects,  which  are  pretty  much  the 
same  as  those  of  the  dental  requirements  of  the  United  States. 
The  examinations  are  all  conducted  either  in  French  or  in  Turk- 
ish, no  other  language  being  acceptable. 

"Openings  for  American  dentists  do  exist  in  Syria,  but  he 
must  be  a  brave  man  who  will  leave  the  United  States  to  face 
the  trials  and  tribulations  of  a  dentist  in  Turkey.  Two  dental 
schools  exist  in  Turkey  to-day :  the  American  School  at  Beirut, 
and  the  Imperial  School  at  Constantinople." 

"The  procedure  in  the  case  of  dentists 
Transvaal.  desirous  of  becoming  registered  to  prac- 

tise in  the  Transvaal  is  identical  with 
that  prescribed  in  respect  of  the  registration  of  medical  practi- 
tioners. *  *  *  A  similar  form  of  declaration  of  identity  is 
required  from  a  dentist  as  from  a  medical  practitioner.  The  fee 
for  registration  is  ten  pounds  (about  $50).  All  dental  degrees, 
diplomas  or  qualifications  recognized  by  the  General  Medical 
Council  of  the  United  Kingdom  are  accepted  for  registration  in 
the  Transvaal." 

"Tunisia,   Northern  Africa. 

"The  laws  governing  the  granting  of  a 

Tunisia.  license  to  practise  •dentistry  in  Tunisia  are 

the    same   as   those   of   France,   i.    e.,   two 

years  of  probationary  work  in  a  dentist's  office  or  a  laboratory  of  a 

dental  college,  and  three  years  of  actual  attendance  at  a  recognized 

dental  college,  and  an  examination  before  the  Medical  Faculty." 

"Constantinople,  Turkey,  February  20th,  191 2. 

"Foreigners  desiring  to  practise  den- 
Turkey,  tistry  in  Turkey  are  required  to  send  in 
their  application  (in  Turkish)  with  their 
dental  diploma  to  the  Imperial  Medical  Council,  Sublime  Porte. 
Upon  paying  an  entrance  fee  of  fifteen  Turkish  pounds  ($66.00), 
an  examination  is  given  in  either  the  French  or  Turkish  language ; 
no  interpreter  is  allowed.  On  a  successful  passing  of  this  examin- 
ation, a  further  fee  of  five  Turkish  pounds  ($22.00)  is  paid,  for 
which  the  applicant  receives  a  diploma  permitting  him  to  practise 
in  the  Turkish  Empire. 

"The  above  requirements  have  only  lately  been  put  in  practice ; 
under  the  old  regime,  simple  registration  was  all  that  was  required, 


D  li  X  T  A  L      I.  A  W  S      CONDE  N  S  l .  I  >.  IO3 

and  even  thai  was  rarel)  attended  to.  Applicants  are  now  required 
to  have  a  preliminary  education  equivalent  to  the  Batchelor  of  Arts 
degree  of  the  secondary  course  in  the  Turkish  schools.  While  there 
are  manj  native  dentists  in  Constantinople,  there  are  only  two 
Americans  practising  here,  and  both  are  doing  fairly  well.  They 
practise  principally  among  the  foreign  residents,  as  the  native  popu- 
lation does  not  pay  very  much  attention  to  its  teeth." 

"Legacion  del  Uruguay.  Washington.  D.  C. 

"Any  title   of  the    United   States   needs 

Uruguay.  ratification,  and  that  is  only  obtained  after 

paying  $200  and   passing  an  examination. 

Urugua)  has  treaties  with  some  nations,  and  according  to  them  the 

title  is  accepted  without  examination,   but  there  is  no  such  treaty 

with  the  I'nited  States." 

"Legation  de  las  Estados  Unidos  de  Venezuela. 

"A  dentist,  duly  graduated,  to  be  able  to 

Venezuela.  practise    in    Venezuela    must    submit    to   a 

practical  examination  on  medical  dentistry 

before  a  Board  of  Dentistry,  and  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the 

Code  of   Public   Instruction  of  Venezuela,   promulgated  April    12, 

1908." 

"Zanzibar,  Zanzibar,  November  27th,   191  t. 
"There   are    no    legal    restrictions    upon 
Zanzibar.  the  practice  of   dentistry   in   the   Sultanate 

of  Zanzibar,  and  no  qualifications  are  re- 
quired. There  is  but  one  dentist  in  Zanzibar  at  this  time  who  has 
received  foreign  training,  so  far  as  I  can  learn;  there  are,  however, 
dentists  (so-called)  among  the  Indian  and  Arab  population,  who 
practise  the  profession. 

I  submitted  your  question  whether  there  was  need  for  a 
dentist  in  Zanzibar  to  our  most  prominent  physician  here,  and  his 
answer  was  in  the  affirmative.  He  stated  further  that,  in  his  opin- 
ion, a  competent  dentist  who  came  here  could  make  a  good  living. 
It  seems  necessary  to  explain  that  Zanzibar  is  a  town  of  about 
35,000  people,  of  whom  only  about  250  are  Europeans  or  Ameri- 
cans ;  the  remainder  are  British  Indians,  Arabs.  Goans,  etc.  For 
anyone  who  came  here  to  practise,  it  would  be  possible  to  go  to 
-li  Easl  Africa  at  stated  periods  to  see  his  clients,  and  neces- 
sarily a  proportion  of  the  practice  would  be  among  the  so-called 
inferior  races. 

"The  climate  of  Zanzibar,  while  not  bad,  is  certainly  not  good, 
and  fever  must  be  expected.  In  British  East  Africa,  dentists  are 
required  to  be  registered,  but,  'Any  person  who  can  satisfy  the 
Registrar  that  he  is  entitled  to  be  registered  in  the  United  Kingdom 
as  a  colonial  or  foreign  dentist'  is  entitled  to  registration." 


APPENDIX 


AMENDED  LAWS. 


AMENDED  LAWS 

We  have  selected  eight  recently  amended  laws  for  publication. 
namely,  Alabama,  Kentucky.  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  New  York'. 
North  Carolina.  Virginia  and  Wisconsin  dental  laws,  because  they 
represent  typical  legislation  that  may  be  anticipated  in  any  one  of 
the  I  Inked  States. 


ALABAMA   DENTAL  LAW. 

and  the  McKinnon  Bill. 

Approved    March    21,     191 1. 


The  McKinnon  Bill. 

An  Act  to  provide  for  the  regulation  and  licensing  of  dentists  in 
the  State  of  Alabama ;  to  establish  a  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners, provide  for  their  election,  and  prescribe  their  duties, 
powers,  qualifications,  terms  of  office  and  compensation ;  to 
provide  for  the  examination  of  applicants  to  practise  den- 
tistry in  the  said  State  ;  to  provide  penalties  and  punishment 
for  violation  of  the  provisions  of  said  Act,  and  to  repeal  all 
general  and  local  laws  in  conflict  with  said  Act. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  Alabama : 

First. — That  on  and  after  the  passage  of  this  Act,  it  shall  be 
unlawful  for  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  not  licensed  as  a 
dentist  or  dentists  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  to  engage  in 
the  practice  of  dentistry,  or  any  of  its  branches,  in  this  State ;  and 
it  shall  be  unlawful  for  the  owner  or  manager  of  a  dental  office, 
dental  parlor,  or  other  place  of  business,  to  cause  or  permit  any 
person  who  is  not  duly  and  legally  licensed  as  a  dentist  to  prac- 
tise dentistry,  or  any  of  its  branches,  in  such  office,  parlor,  or 
other  place  of  business ;  provided,  however,  that  if  student  of 
■dentistry  may  be  permitted  to  remain  in  an  office  and  practise 
under  the  supervision  of  legal  practitioner  of  dentistry  in  the 
interim  between  sessions  for  a  total  period  of  time  not  to  exceed 
twelve  months. 

Second. — That  all  persons  now  registered  or  licensed  as  den- 
tists under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Alabama,  shall  be  entitled  to 
continue  in  the  practice  of  said  profession  unmolested  by  the 
provisions  of  this  Act. 

107 


Io8  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

Third. — Any  person  who  shall  hereafter  desire  a  license  to 
practise  dentistry  in  this  State  shall  file,  or  cause  to  be  filed  with 
the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  an  application  in 
writing,  and  under  oath  setting  forth  the  name  and  age  of  the 
applicant,  the  school  or  college  from  which  he  or  she  graduated ; 
and  shall  appear  at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be  designated  by 
said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  and  submit  to  an  examination 
both  practical  and  theoretical  as  to  his  or  her  qualifications  for 
registration  as  a  licensed  dentist. 

Fourth. — No  person  shall  be  licensed  as  a  dentist  under  the 
provision  of  this  Act  who  is  not  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  of 
good  moral  character ;  nor  until  he  or  she  shall  present  to  the 
said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  satisfactory  evidence  that  he  or 
she  has  graduated  in  dentistry  at  some  reputable  school  or  college 
of  dentistry  recognized  by  the  National  Association  of  Dental 
Faculties ;  and  shall  also,  upon  examination,  attain  an  average 
grade  of  seventy-five  per  cent,  on  all  dental  branches. 

Fifth. — That,  if  upon  examination  and  investigation,  said 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  determine  that  the  applicant 
possesses  the  necessary  qualifications  as  to  character  and  educa- 
tion as  herein  provided,  they  shall  enroll  his  or  her  name  upon  a 
register  to  be  kept  by  said  board  for  that  purpose,  and,  issue  to 
him  or  her  a  license,  which  said  license  shall  entitle  such  person 
to  practise  dentistry  in  the  State  of  Alabama  for  life. 

Sixth. — That  on  and  after  the  passage  of  this  Act  it  shall  be 
unlawful  for  said  Board  of  Examiners  to  grant  a  temporary 
license  or  permit  to  practise  dentistry,  or  any  of  its  branches  to 
any  person,  firm,  or  corporation ;  except  that  a  person  coming 
into  this  State  at  a  time  between  the  regular  meeting  of  the  board, 
who  holds  a  permanent  license  as  a  dentist  granted  by  any  Board 
of  Dental  Examiners  within  the  United  States,  may  be  granted  a 
permit  to  practice  during  the  interim  between  the  time  of  making 
application  for  a  license  and  the  time  of  the  next  meeting  of  said 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners. 

Seventh. — That  the  licenses  herein  provided  for  must  be 
signed  by  the  president  of  the  board  and  countersigned  by  the 
secretary,  and  must  within  thirty  days  after  the  granting  thereof, 
be  filed  and  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  Judge  of  Probate  of  the 
county  of  the  residence  of  the  person  to  whom  it  is  issued ;  and 
after  the  same  has  been  recorded,  the  Judge  of  Probate  shall 
endorse  thereon,  and  certify  under  the  seal  of  the  court,  the  fact 
of  its  record,  and  the  time  of  its  filing,  and  for  which  he  is  entitled 
to  a  fee  of  one  dollar. 

Eighth. — That  such  licenses  so  recorded  and  certified  shall 
be  evidence  of  authority  of  the  person  therein  named  to  practise 
dentistry;  and  if  the  same  is  lost  or  destroyed  a  certified  copy  of 
the  record  shall  be  sufficient. 


DENTAL   LAWS   CONDENSED.  IO9 

Ninth. — That  any  person  who  shall  engage  in  the  practice 
of  dentistry.  1  »r  any  of  its  branches,  without  being  duly  licensed  as 
herein  provided,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on 
conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  one  hundred  dol 
lars.  n<>r  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  and  in  addition  thereto, 
upon  a  second  conviction  may  he  sentenced  to  hard  tabor  for  the 
county  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  thirty  days  and  nol  more 
than  ninety  days. 

Tenth. — That  any  license  to  practise  dentistry  obtained 
through  fraud,  or  by  any  false  or  fraudulent  representation  or 
practice  shall  be  void;  and  any  person  who  shall  procure  by  false 
or  fraudulent  representation  or  practice  such  license  :  or  who  shall 
make  any  false  or  fraudulent  representation  for  the  purpose  of 
procuring  such  license,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor 
and  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  fifty  dollars, 
nor  more  than  three  hundred  dollars. 

Eleven. — That  said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  consist 
of  five  persons  who  shall  be  members  in  good  standing  of  the 
Alabama  Dental  Association,  and  not  connected  with  or  inter- 
ested in  any  dental  college  or  school  and  shall  be  graduates  of 
some  reputable  dental  college  or  school,  and  legally  licensed  den- 
tists and  must  have  practised  dentistry  in  this  State  regularly  for 
not  less  than  three  years  ;  that  the  present  members  of  said  Board 
of  Dental  Examiners  shall  constitute  said  board  and  shall  hold 
office  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified;  that  one 
member  of  said  board  shall  be  elected  at  each  annual  meeting  of 
the  Alabama  Dental  Association,  and  shall  hold  office  until  his 
successor  is  elected  and  qualified;  that  all  members  of  said  board 
shall  be  elected  by  the  Alabama  Dental  Association  as  herein 
provided,  except  that  vacancies  on  said  board  caused  by  death, 
resignation  or  removal  from  the  State,  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  president  of  the  Alabama  Dental  Association,  such 
appointee  to  hold  during  the  unexpired  term  of  his  predecessor. 
Twelfth. — That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  member  of  said 
board,  within  ten  days  after  the  receipt  of  his  commission  and 
notice  of  his  election  of  appointment  to  file  with  the  Judge  of 
Probate  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides  an  oath  to  properly  and 
faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  his  office,  which  oath  may  be 
taken  before  any  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  this 
State. 

Thirteenth. — That  annually  said  Board  of  Dental  Examiner- 
shall  organize  by  the  election  of  a  President,  Secretary  and  Treas- 
urer, all  of  whom  shall  be  members  of  said  board,  and  who  shall 
hold  their  respective  offices  for  one  year,  and  until  their  succes- 
sors are  elected  and  qualified :  that  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer 
shall  each  give  bond  in  such  sums  as  may  be  prescribed  by  said 
board,   conditioned   to   discharge    the   duties   of   their   respective 


IIO  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

offices  according  to  law  which  bonds  shall  be  made  payable  to 
said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  and  approved  by  the  President 
of  the  board.  Said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  hold  an 
annual  meeting  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  meeting  of  the  Ala- 
bama Dental  Association  for  the  examination  of  applicants  for 
license  and  for  the  discharge  of  all  such  other  business  as  may 
legally  come  before  it ;  and  may  hold  such  additional  meetings 
as  may  be  necessary  for  the  examination  of  applicants  upon  the 
giving  of  thirty  days'  notice  thereof,  and  at  these  meetings  said 
board  may  transact  any  and  all  business  that  may  legally  come 
before  it. 

Fourteenth. — Said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  have  a 
common  seal,  and  shall  have  the  power  and  authority  to  adopt 
such  rules,  by-laws  and  regulations  not  inconsistent  with  the 
laws  of  this  State,  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  regulation  of  its 
proceedings,  and  for  the  discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  upon  it ; 
and  shall  have  power  and  authority  to  employ  counsel  to  assist 
in  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  and  for  such 
other  purposes  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  board.  Said 
board  shall  keep  a  true  and  correct  record  of  its  proceedings  and 
a  register  of  all  persons  to  whom  licenses  have  been  issued ;  and 
the  book  and  register  of  said  board,  or  a  copy  of  any  part  thereof, 
duly  certified  by  the  secretary  under  seal,  shall  be  received  as  evi- 
dence of  the  matters  and  things  therein  recorded  and  so  certified 
in  all  the  courts  of  this  State.  A  majority  of  said  board  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  all  business ;  and  the 
members  of  said  board  shall  have  power  to  administer  oaths  in 
all  matters  pertaining  to  the  discharge  of  the  duties  to  them 
under  this  Act. 

Fifteenth. — The  Secretary  of  said  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners shall  receive  such  salary  as  may  be  prescribed  by  said  board 
and  his  necessary  expenses  while  engaged  in  the  performance  of 
his  official  duties;  and  the  other  members  of  the  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners  shall  each  receive  the  sum  of  five  dollars  for  each 
day  actually  employed  in  the  discharge  of  their  official  duties,  and 
their  necessary  expenses  while  so  engaged.  All  fees  collected  by 
the  secretary  for  the  examination  of  applicants  for  license  shall 
be  paid  over  to  the  treasurer  of  said  board,  and  shall  be  placed  to 
the  credit  of  a  fund  which  is  hereby  appropriated  solely  for  the 
use  of  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  in  the  execution  and 
enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act  and  the  payment  of  the 
salaries,  expenses  and  other  costs  herein  provided  for,  said 
moneys  to  be  paid  out  upon  warrants  drawn  upon  the  treasurer 
and  signed  by  the  president  and  secretary  of  said  board. 

Sixteenth. — Each  applicant  for  license  to  practise  dentistry 
in  this  State  shall  pay  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Dental 


DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED.  Ill 

Examiners  of  the  time  of  filing  his  application  an  examination 
fee  of  ten  dollars. 

Seventeenth. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  Hoard  of  Dental 
Examiners  to  investigate  all  charges  of  violation  of  this  Act,  or 
any  other  laws  of  this  State  regulating  the  practice  of  dentistry, 
brought  to  their  knowledge ;  and  whenever  there  has  been  a  viola- 
tion of  said  laws  or  when  advised  by  any  legal  member  of  the 
profession  that  there  has  been  a  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this 
Act,  or  either  of  them,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  board,  through 
its  secretary,  to  report  such  violations  to  the  circuit  or  county 
solicitor,  or  other  prosecuting  officer,  of  the  county  in  which  such 
violation  is  alleged  to  have  occurred,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
prosecute  for  all  violations  of  this  Act. 

Eighteenth. — Any  person  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  Act,  not  herein  specifically  provided  for,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be 
lined  not  less  than  fifty  dollars  and  not  more  than  five  hundred 
dollars. 

Nineteenth. — All  laws  and  parts  of  laws,  both  general  and 
special  in  conflict  with  the  provision  of  this  Act,  are  hereby 
expressly  repealed. 

Approved  March  21st,   191 1. 


DENTAL  LAW  OF  KENTUCKY. 
Enacted  March,  19 12. 


The  following  bill,  which  originated  in  the  House  of  Represen- 
tatives, was  read  the  first  time,  ordered  to  be  printed  and 
placed  upon  the  calendar : 

An  Act  in  relation  to  the  Kentucky  State  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners and  to  regulate  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  the  State  of 
Kentucky. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Kentucky : 

Continuance  of  Board  and  Manner  of  Appointment. 
Section  1.  That  the  Kentucky  State  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners heretofore  created  be  continued,  to  consist  of  five  practising 
dentists,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  carry  out  the  purposes  and 
enforce  the  provisions  of  this  Act  as  hereinafter  specified.  The 
members  of  said  board  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  from 
a  list  of  three  names,  to  be  recommended  by  the  Kentucky  State 
Dental  Association,  at  its  annual  meeting,  and  at  the  time  of  their 
appointment  upon  said  board  must  have  been  actual   residents 


112  DENTAL  LAWS  CONDENSED. 

•and  legally  licensed  practising-  dentists  of  this  State  for  a  period 
•of  five  years  or  more  immediately  preceding  their  appointment; 
provided,  however,  that  no  person  shall  be  eligible  to  appoint- 
ment to  said  board  who  is  in  any  way  connected  with  or  inter- 
ested in  any  dental  college  or  dental  department  of  any  institu- 
tion of  learning  or  dental  supply  business.  The  term  for  which 
the  members  of  said  board  shall  hold  office  shall  be  five  years, 
provided  the  present  members  of  the  board  in  office  at  the  time 
of  the  passage  of  this  Act  shall  continue  in  office  until  their 
respective  terms  have  expired  and  until  their  successors  are 
appointed  and  qualified.  All  vacancies  in  said  board  shall  be 
filled  by  the  Governor  from  said  list. 

Officers,  Meetings,  Records,  Etc. 
Section  2.  Said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  choose  one 
of  its  members  president,  and  one  secretary-treasurer,  thereof, 
at  an  annual  meeting  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  June  of  each  year. 
Said  board  may  meet  oftener  if  necessary  in  the  discretion  of  the 
board  at  such  places  as  it  may  deem  proper,  for  the  examination 
of  applicants  who  may  desire  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State, 
and  for  the  transaction  of  any  other  business  that  may  come 
before  it.  Said  board  shall  keep  a  record  book  in  which  shall  be 
registered  the  names,  addresses  and  license  numbers  of  all  per- 
sons legally  entitled  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State.  A  major- 
ity of  the  members  of  said  board  shall  at  all  times  constitute  a 
quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  and  the  proceedings  of 
said  board  shall  be  recorded  in  a  minute  book  open  at  all  reason- 
able times  to  public  inspection.  The  secretary-treasurer  shall 
execute  to  the  said  board  bond  with  approved  security  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  his  duties. 

Licenses  and  Registration  and  How  Granted. 
Section  3.  No  person  shall  practise  dentistry  in  this  State  or 
attempt  to  do  so  after  the  passage  of  this  Act  without  first  apply- 
ing for  and  obtaining  a  license  for  such  purpose  from  the  said 
Kentucky  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  and  registering  such 
license  as  herein  provided,  and  this  provision  applies  to  all  per- 
sons whether  they  have  heretofore  practised  dentistry  or  not  in 
this  State,  except  such  persons  as  have  been  heretofore  licensed 
and  registered.  Application  shall  be  made  to  the  said  board  in 
writing  for  license  and  shall  in  every  instance  be  accompanied 
by  the  examination  fee  of  twenty  dollars,  which  sum  is  author- 
ized to  be  charged  for  each  examination  by  said  board.  The 
applicant  must  be  of  good  moral  character,  at  least  twenty-one 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  making  the. application,  and  the  appli- 
cation of  each  person  seeking  a  license  must  be  accompanied  by 
satisfactory  evidence  to  said  board  that  the  applicant  so  applying 


DEN  T  A  I-     U  A  W  S     C  0  N  D  B  N  S  K  D.  1 13 

is  a  graduate  of  and  has  a  diploma  From  the  faculty  of  a  reputable 
dental  college,  school  or  dental  department  of  a  reputable 
university.  Examinations  musl  be  both  written  and  clinical,  and 
of  such  a  character  as  to  thoroughly  test  the  qualifications  of  the 
applicant  to  practise  dentistry,  and  the  board  may,  in  its  discre- 
tion, refuse  to  grant  license  to  any  person  they  find  guilty  ol 
cheating,  deception  or  fraud  during  such  examination. 

Registering  License  with  County  Clerk. 
Section  4.  Every  person  licensed  to  practise  dentistry  in  this 
State  by  the  said  Kentucky  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiner-, 
as  herein  provided,  shall,  before  the  beginning  of  practice  of  den- 
tistry, cause  said  license  to  be  registered  with  the  county  clerk 
of  the  county  or  counties  in  which  such  person  desires  to  engage 
in  the  practice  of  dentistry  by  appearing  before  such  clerk  and 
filing  his  affidavit,  showing  that  he  has  been  examined  and 
licensed  as  herein  provided,  and  the  county  clerk  of  each  county 
is  authorized  to  receive  a  registration  fee  of  fifty  cents  for  each 
registration. 

Display  of  License  and  Certificate  of  Registration. 

Section  5.  The  license  to  practise  dentistry  herein  provided, 
and  the  certificate  of  registration,  shall  at  all  times  be  displayed 
in  a  conspicuous  place  in  his  or  her  office  wherein  he  or  she  shall 
practise  the  profession  of  dentistry,  and  he  or  she  shall,  whenever 
requested,  exhibit  such  license  to  any  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners  or  its  authorized  agent. 

Revocation  of  License. 

Section  6.  The  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  may  refuse 
to  issue  licenses  or  suspend  or  revoke  the  same  for  any  of  the 
ft  »11(  iwing  causes  : 

1.  The  presentation  to  the  board  of  any  diploma,  license  or 
certificate  illegally  or  fraudulently  obtained,  or  one  obtained  from 
an  institution  which  is  not  reputable,  or  an  unrecognized  or  irreg- 
ular institution  or  State  board,  or  the  practice  of  any  fraud  or 
deception. 

2.  The  commission  of  a  criminal  operation  or  conviction  of 
a  felony  involving  moral  turpitude,  or  chronic  or  persistent  in- 
ebriety or  addiction  to  drugs,  or  if  the  person  holding  the  license 
shall  advertise  to  practise  dentistry  without  causing  pain,  or  shall 
in  any  other  manner  advertise  with  a  view  of  deceiving  or  de- 
frauding the  public,  or  advertise  to  use  any  drug,  nostrum,  patent 
or  other  proprietary  drug  or  medicine  of  any  unknown  formula, 
or  be  guilty  of  any  grossly  unprofessional  conduct  likely  to 
deceive  or  defraud  the  public,  or  which  disqualifies  the  applicant 
to  practise  with  safety  to  the  people. 


114  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

In  all  proceedings  for  a  suspension  or  revocation  of  license, 
the  holder  thereof  shall  be  given  thirty  days'  notice  to  prepare 
for  a  hearing,  and  he  shall  be  heard  in  person  or  by  counsel  or 
by  both.  The  president  and  secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Den- 
tal Examiners  shall  have  the  power  to  administer  oaths,  in  the 
hearing  of  all  matters  arising  in  the  course  of  their  duties,  and 
in  such  trials  as  are  herein  referred  to,  the  State  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners  may  take  oral  or  written  proof  for  or  against  the  com- 
plainant, as  it  may  deem  will  best  present  the  facts.  In  all  cases 
of  refusal  to  issue  license,  suspension  or  revocation,  the  applicant 
or  holder  may  appeal  to  the  Governor  of  the  State  within  thirty 
days  after  such  action  by  the  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners. 

Failure  to  Register  License. 

Section  7.  Any  failure,  neglect  or  refusal  on  the  part  of  any 
person  obtaining  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  from  the  State 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  to  register  said  license  with  the 
county  clerk  of  some  county  in  this  State  within  ninety  days 
from  the  date  of  the  issual  of  such  license,  shall  work  a  forfeiture 
of  such  license,  and  no  license  when  once  forfeited  shall  be 
restored  except  upon  payment  to  the  said  board  of  the  sum  of  ten 
dollars  for  such  neglect,  failure  or  refusal  to  register  such  license. 

Examination  Fees  and  Compensation  to  Members  of  the  Board. 

Section  8.  In  order  to  provide  the  means  for  carrying  out  and 
enforcing  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  the  said  board  shall  charge 
each  person  applying  for  an  examination  for  a  license  to  practise 
dentistry  in  this  State  an  examination  fee  of  twenty  dollars,  and 
in  addition  thereto,  a  fee  of  one  dollar  for  every  license  or  dupli- 
cate license  issued  by  said  board,  and  out  of  the  funds  coming 
into  possession  of  the  said  board  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act, 
the  members  of  said  board  shall  each  receive  as  compensation  the 
sum  of  five  dollars  for  each  day  actually  engaged  in  duties  of  the 
office,  and  all  legitimate  and  necessary  expenses  incurred  in 
attending  the  meetings  of  said  board ;  provided  that  the  secretary 
of  the  board  shall  be  allowed  a  reasonable  salary  to  be  fixed  by 
the  board  and  no  per  diem ;  all  expenses  shall  be  paid  from  the 
fees,  fines  and  penalties  received  and  recovered  by  the  board 
under  the  provisions  of  this  Act;  provided  that  no  part  of  said 
expenses  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  State  treasury.  All  moneys 
received  in  excess  of  said  per  diem  allowances  and  other  expenses, 
herein  provided,  shall  be  held  by  the  secretary-treasurer  of  said 
board  as  a  special  fund  for  meeting  the  other  expenses  of  said 
board,  and  for  such  use  as  the  said  board  may  deem  necessary  in 
the  enforcement  of  this  Act,  and  said  board  shall  make  an  annual 
report  of  its  proceedings  to  the  Governor  on  or  before  the  31st 
day  of  December  each  year,  showing  all  moneys  received  and  dis- 
bursed by  it  pursuant  to  this  Act. 


I )  i;  N  T  A  I,      LAWS      CONDENSED.  1 1 5 

Renewal  Certificates  of  License. 
Section  <;.  ( >n  or  before  the  31st  day  of  December  each  year, 
every  dentisl  legally  licensed  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State 
•-hall  transmit  to  the  secretary  of  the  said  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners his  signature  and  address,  together  with  the  fee  of  one 
dollar,  and  the  number  of  his  or  her  registration  certificate,  and 
receive  therefor  a  renewal  license  certificate.  Any  license  granted 
by  said  board  shall  be  cancelled  and  annulled  if  the  holder  thereof 
ils  to  secure  the  renewal  certificate  herein  provided  for  within 
a  period  of  three  months  after  December  31st,  of  each  year,  pro- 
vided any  license  thus  cancelled  may  be  restored  by  the  board 
upon  the  payment  of  a  fee  of  five  dollars  if  paid  within  one  year 
alter  such  cancellation. 

Penalty  for  Fund  in  Obtaining  Certificate  of  Registration. 
Section  10.  Any  person  filing  or  attempting  to  file  as  his 
own  the  diploma  or  license  of  another,  or  a  forged  affidavit  of  iden- 
tification or  qualification,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  felony  and  be 
punishable  upon  conviction  by  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary  of 
not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  five  years. 

Dentistry  Defined. 
Section  11.  Any  person  shall  be  regarded  as  practicing  den- 
tistry, within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  who  shall  diagnose  or 
profess  to  diagnose,  or  treat  or  profess  to  treat,  any  of  the  diseases 
or  lesions  of  the  oral  cavity,  teeth,  gums,  maxillary  bones,  or 
extract  teeth,  or  shall  prepare  or  fill  cavities  in  the  human  teeth, 
correct  malposition  of  teeth  or  jaws,  or  supply  artificial  teeth  as 
substitutes  for  natural  teeth,  or  administer  anaesthetics,  general  or 
local,  or  any  other  practice  included  in  the  curricula  of  recognized 
dental  colleges.  Provided,  That  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  so 
construed  as  to  prevent  regularly  licensed  physicians  and  surgeons 
from  extracting  teeth  or  treating  any  diseases  coming  within  the 
province  of  the  practice  of  medicine. 

Exemption  From  Jury  Service. 
Section   12.    All  dentists  of  this   State  shall   be  exempt   from 
service  as  jurors  in  any  of  the  courts  of  this  State. 

Signatures,  Seal,  Etc.,  on  License. 
Section    13.     All   licenses    issued   by   said   board    shall   bear   a 
serial  number,  the  full  name  of  the  applicant,  the  date  of  the  issue, 
the  seal  of  the  board,  and  be  signed  by  a  majority  of  the  members 
and  attested  by  its  president  and  secretary. 

Unlawful  to  Practice  Under  Name  of  a  Company. 
Section  14.    It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  or  persons  to 
practise  or  offer  to  practise  dentistry  or  dental   surery  under  the 
name   of   any   company,    association,    or    corporation,    except    those 


1 16  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

who  have  been  in  actual  business  for  fifteen  years  or  more  prior 
to  the  19th  day  of  May,  1908,  and  every  person  or  persons  prac- 
tising or  offering  to  practise  dentistry  or  dental  surgery,  shall 
practise  under  his  or  her  own  respective  names  only. 

Dental  Reciprocity. 

Section  15.  Said  board  may  in  its  discretion  issue  a  license  to 
practise  dentistry  without  examination  other  than  clinical  to  a  legal 
and  ethical  parctitioner  of  dentistry  who  removes  to  Kentucky  from 
another  State  or  territory  of  the  United  States  whose  standard  of 
requirement  is  equal  to  that  of  Kentucky,  and  in  which  he  or  she 
conducted  a  legal  and  ethical  practice  of  dentistry  for  at  least  five 
years  immediately  preceding  his  or  her  removal,  provided  such 
applicant  shall  present  a  certificate  from  the  dental  board  or  a  like 
board  of  the  State  or  territory  from  which  he  or  she  removes, 
certifying  that  he  or  she  is  a  legal,  competent  and  ethical  dentist, 
and  of  good  moral  character;  and  provided  further,  That  such  cer- 
tificate is  presented  to  the  Kentucky  State  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners within  six  months  from  the  date  of  its  issue,  and  that  the 
board  of  such  other  State  or  territory  shall  permit  in  like  manner 
by  law  the  recognition  of  licenses  issued  by  the  Kentucky  State 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners  when  presented  to  such  other  board  by 
legal  practitioners  of  dentistry  from  this  State  who  may  wish  to 
remove  to  or  practise  in  such  other  State  or  territory. 

Reciprocity  Leaving  State. 

Section  16.  Any  one  who  is  a  legal,  ethical  and  competent 
practitioner  of  dentistry  in  the  State  of  Kentucky,  and  of  good 
moral  character,  and  known  to  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  as 
such,  who  shall  desire  to  change  his  or  her  residence  to  another 
State  or  territory,  or  foreign  country,  shall  upon  application  to  the 
said  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  of  this  State,  receive  a  special  cer- 
tificate of  the  signature  of  the  president  and  secretary  of  said 
board  and  bearing  its  seal,  which  shall  attest  the  facts  above  men- 
tioned in  section  15  and  give  the  data  upon  which  he  or  she  was 
registered  and  licensed. 

Reciprocity  Fees. 
Section  17.  The  fee  for  issuing  a  license  to  a  legal  practitioner 
from  another  State,  as  provided  in  section  15,  shall  be  twenty-five 
dollars,  and  the  fee  for  issuing  a  certificate  to  the  legal  practitioner 
in  this  State  as  provided  in  section  16,  shall  be  five  dollars,  and  in 
each  case  the  fee  shall  be  paid  in  cash  before  the  license  or  certifi- 
cate respectively  shall  be  issued. 

Penalty  for  Practicing  Without  License  or  Certificate. 
Section  18.    Any  person  who  shall  practise  or  attempt  to  prac- 
tise dentistry  in  this  State  without  having  been  licensed  and  regis- 


I)  K  N  T  A  I.      r.  A  W  S      C  O  N  D  i:  N  S  E  D.  I  1 7 

tered  for  that  purpose,  as  herein  provided,  or  who  shall  violate 
any  of  the  provisions  Of  this  act,  for  which  no  specific  penalty  has 
been  provided  herein,  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
five  dollars  nor  mure  than  twenty  dollars  for  each  offense,  and 
each  act  of  dentistry  shall  be  deemed  a  separate  offense  and  consti- 
tute a  practising  of  dentistry  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  and 
each  day  that  a  person  shall  hold  himself  out  as  practising  in  any 
name  except  his  own  shall  be  deemed  a  separate  offense.  The 
opening  an  office  for  the  purpose  of  practising  dentistry,  or  to 
announce  t<>  the  public  in  any  way  a  readiness  to  do  any  act  de- 
fined herein  as  being  dentistry,  shall  be  deemed  to  engage  in  the 
practice  of  dentistry  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act. 

Disposition  of  Fines  and  Fees. 
Section   i<).    All  fees,  as  well  as  all  fines,  imposed  and  collected 
under   the   provisions  of  this   Act,   shall   be   paid  to  the   secretary- 
treasurer  of   the    Kentucky    State   Board   of  Dental   Examiners   for 
the  use  of  said  board. 

Druggists  May  Fill  Dentists'  Prescriptions. 

Section  20.  Legally  licensed  druggists  of  this  State  may  fill 
prescriptions  of  legally  licensed  dentists  of  this  State  for  any  drug 
necessary  to  the  practice  of  dentistry. 

Section  21.  This  Act  shall  not  prevent  students  from  per- 
forming dental  operations  under  tli£  supervision  of  competent  in- 
structors within  the  dental  school,  college  or  dental  department  of 
a  university  recognized  by  the  Kentucky  State  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners. 

Repealing  Former  Dental  Laws. 

Section  22.  All  laws  or  parts  of  laws  in  conflict  with  this  Act 
are  hereby  repealed. 


REVISED  DENTAL  LAWS  OF  MINNESOTA,   1905. 
Amended   191 1. 


Sec.  2313.  Board  of  Dental  Examiners — Appointment — The 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  consist  of  six  practising  dentists 
of  the  State,  appointed  by  the  Governor,  each  for  the  term  of  three 
years  and  until  his  successor  qualifies,  and  no  member  shall  serve 
more  than  two  successive  terms.  The  Board  shall  at  all  times  in- 
clude four  members  who  shall  have  been  appointed  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Minnesota  State  Dental  Association,  if  such  recom- 
mendation be  made  at  least  ninety  days  before  the  term  of  the 
member  of  that  class  expires ;  otherwise  the  Governor  may  appoint 
without   such    recommendation.      Every   vacancy   caused   otherwise 


Il8  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

than  by  the  expiration  of  a  term  shall  be  filled  in  the  same  manner 
and  from  the  class  to  which  the  retiring  member  belongs.  If  the 
association  is  entitled  to  and  fails  to  recommend  a  candidate  for  such 
unexpired  term  within  thirty  days  after  the  vacancy  occurs  the 
Governor  may  appoint  without  such  recommendation.  If  a  member 
shall  be  absent  from  two  consecutive  regular  meetings,  the  board 
shall  declare  a  vacancy  to  exist.  The  association  shall  recommend 
not  less  than  two  candidates  for  each  appointment.  Provided  the 
governor  shall  immediately  after  the  passage  and  approval  of  this 
act  appoint  one  member  of  said  board  of  dental  examiners  for  the 
term  of  three  years. 

Sec.  2314.  Officers — Meetings — Compensation — Report — The 
Board  shall  elect  from  its  members  a  president  and  secretary,  and 
shall  have  a  common  seal.  It  shall  hold  regular  meetings  on  the 
second  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  March  and  November  in 
each  year,  and  special  meetings  at  its  pleasure.  All  meetings  shall 
be  held  at  the  College  of  Dentistry  of  the  State  University.  Out  of 
the  funds  coming  into  the  possession  of  said  board,  the 
members  thereof  shall  receive  as  compensation  the  sum  of 
ten  ($10.00)  dollars  per  day  and  necessary  traveling  ex- 
penses for  each  day  actully  engaged  in  the  duties  of 
their  offices  as  examiners,  the  secretary  shall  in  addition 
be  paid  a  salary  to  be  fixed  by  resolution  by  the  Board  not  to  exceed 
five  hundred  ($500.00)  dollars  per  year.  All  moneys  received  by 
said  Board  in  excess  of  the  expenditures  for  the  diem  allowance,  trav- 
eling expenses,  and  salary  of  the  secretary  as  above  provided  for, 
shall  be  held  by  the  secretary  of  said  Board  as  a  special  fund  for 
prii  ing,  postage,  and  other  necessary  expenses  of  the  board  for 
can  ing  out  the  provisions  of  this  act.  The  secretary  of  the  board 
shah  give  a  bond  in  an  amount  to  be  fixed  by  resolution  of  the 
Board  and  in  form  to  be  approved  by  the  Attorney  General  con- 
ditioned for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  official  duties. 

Before  December  15th  in  each  year  the  Board  shall  report  its 
proceedings  and  the  items  of  its  receipts  and  disbursements  to  the 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Minnesota. 

Sec.  2315.  Dentistry  Defined — Inhibition — Exception — All 
persons,  firms,  corporations,  or  associations  shall  be  said  to  be  prac- 
tising dentistry,  within  the  meaning  of  of  this  section,  who  shall  use 
the  word  or  letters  "Dentist,"  or  "D.  D.  S."  or  any  other  letters  in 
connection  with  his  or  their  names  which  in  any  manner  represents 
him  or  them  as  engaged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry,  or  »who  shall 
advertise  or  permit  it  to  be  done  by  sign,  circular  handbill,  news- 
paper or  otherwise,  that  he  or  they  will  attempt  to  perform  dental 
operations  of  any  kind,  treat  diseases  or  lesions  of  the  human 
jaws  or  replace  teeth  by  artificial  ones,  or  attempt  to  correct  mal- 
positions thereof,  or  who  shall  for  a  fee,  salary  or  other  reward,  paid 
or  to  be  paid  either  to  himself  or  to  another  person,  perform  dental 


DBNTAl      LAWS     CONDENSED.  1 10, 

operation  of  any  kind,  treat  diseases  or  lesions  of  the  human  jaws 
or  teeth,  to  replace  lost  teeth  by  artificial  ones,  or  attempt  to  correct 
in.il  positions  thereof. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  foregoing-  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion shall  not  apply  to  students  enrolled  and  regularly  attending 
any  Dental  College  and  to  their  acts  done  under  the  direct  super- 
vision of  a  licensed  dentist. 

Sec.  2316.  Examinations — License — Revocation —  Assumed 
Name— A  person  not  already  a  registered  dentist  of  the  state  desir- 
ing to  practise  dentistry  therein,  shall  apply  to  the  secretary  of 
the  Board  for  examination  and  pay  a  fee  of  twenty  ($20.00)  dollars 
for  the  first  examination  and  twenty  ($20.00)  dolllars  for  each  subse- 
quent examination,  which  in  no  case  shall  be  refunded.  At  the  next  reg- 
ular meeting  he  shall  present  himself  for  examination  and  produce 
his  diploma  from  some  dental  college  in  good  standing,  of  which 
standing  the  Board  shall  be  the  judges,  also  satisfactory  evidence 
showing  that  the  applicant  is  of  good  moral  character.  The  Board 
shall  give  the  applicant  such  an  elementary,  practical  examination 
as  t<  1  th<  >r<  mghly  test  his  fitness  for  the  practice  and  include  therein  the 
subjects  of  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry,  materia  medica,  thera- 
peutics, metallurgy,  histology,  pathology,  and  operative,  surgical 
and  mechanical  dentistry ;  and  the  applicant  shall  be  required  to 
demonstrate  his  skill  in  operative  and  mechanical  dentistry.  If  the 
applicant  successfully  passes  the  examination,  he  snail  be  registered 
by  the  Board  as  a  licensed  dentist,  and  supplied  with  the  certificate 
of  registration  signed  by  all  members  of  the  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners. 

Provided  that  any  dentist  who  has  been  in  legal  practice  in 
another  state  having  and  maintaining  an  equal  standard  of  laws  reg- 
ulating the  practice  of  dentistry  with  this  state,  for  five  years  or 
mi  >re  and  is  a  reputable  dentist  of  good  moral  character,  and  is 
desirous  of  removing  to  this  state  and  deposits  in  person  with  the 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners  a  certificate  from  the  Examining 
Hoard  of  the  state  in  which  he  is  registered,  certifying  to  the  fact 
of  his  registration  and  that  he  is  of  good  moral  character  and  pro- 
Eessional  attainments,  and  upon  payment  of  a  fee  of  fifty  ($50.00) 
dollars  may.  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board,  be  granted  a  license  to 
practice  in  this  State  without  further  theoretical  examination. 

The  Board  upon  hearing,  after  twenty  days'  notice  thereof 
may  revoke  the  license  of  any  one  who,  with  intent  to  deceive  the 
public,  shall  practise  dentistry  under  an  assumed  name  or  where 
it  shall  be  shown  that  the  holder  of  such  license  is  not  of  good,  moral 
and  upright  character.  It  shall  be  no  defense  for  a  person  prosecuted 
for  practising  dentistry  under  one  name,  without  a  license,  that  he 
shall  have  been  licensed  under  a  different  name,  unless  it  shall  be 
shown  that  such  practice  was  without  intent  to  defraud  or  deceive. 

Sec.  2317.     Record   of   Certificate — Fees— Within    six    months 


120  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

after  its  issuance,  the  certificate  of  registration  shall  be  filed  for 
record  with  the  clerk  of  the  district  court  in  the  county  where  the 
holder  resides.  If  he  changes  his  residence  to  another  county,  he 
shall  file  his  certificate,  or  a  certified  copy  of  the  record  thereof 
in  such  county  before  practising  therein.  Such  clerk's  fee  for 
recording  a  certificate  or  copy  shall  be  fifty  ($0.50)  cents  and  for  a 
certified  copy  one  ($1.00)  dollar.  The  fee  of  the  Board  for  a  dupli- 
sate  certificate  shall  be  one  ($1.00)  dollar. 

Sec.  2318.  Annual  Fee — Before  the  first  of  May  in  each  year 
every  registered  dentist  shall  pay  to  the  Board  a  license  fee  of  one 
($1.00)  dollar,  and  in  default  of  such  payment  the  Board  may,  upon 
hearing  and  upon  twenty  (20)  days'  notice,  revoke  the  license  of 
the  dentist  in  default ;  but  the  payment  of  such  fee  on  or  before  the 
time  of  hearing,  with  such  additional  sum  not  exceeding  five 
($5.00)  dollars,  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Board,  shall  excuse  the 
default.     The  Board  may  collect  such  fee  by  suit. 

Sec.  2319.  Prohibition — Penalties — Disposition  of  Fines — No 
person  shall  practise  dentistry  in  the  state  without  having  complied 
with  the  provisions  of  this  subdivision.  Any  person  who  shall 
practise,  or  who  shall  attempt  ot  practise  dentistry,  either  as  a  pro- 
prietor, employe  or  assistant,  shall  keep  his  annual  renewal  license 
in  open  view  of  his  operating  room,  failing  to  do  so  he  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor.  Any  licensed  dentist,  proprietor, 
partnership,  association,  or  corporation  owning,  running,  operating 
or  controlling  any  room  or  rooms,  office  or  dental  parlors  where 
dental  work  of  any  kind  is  done,  or  provided  for,  or  contracted 
for,  who  shall  employ,  keep,  or  retain,  contrary  to  the  provisions  of 
this  law,  any  unlicensed  dentist  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 
Any  person  who  shall  falsely  pretend  that  he  holds  a  certificate 
of  registration  from  the  Board,  or  shall  violate  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor.  The  Board  may 
when  it  deems  best  for  the  enforcement  of  the  law,  employ  such 
attorney  as  the  Attorney  General  shall  appoint.  All  fines  collected 
under  the  provisions  hereof  shall  be  paid  into  the  school  fund  of  the 
county  in  which  the  conviction  occurred. 

Section  8.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and 
after  its  passage. 

Approved  April  18,  191 1. 


DENTAL  LAW  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 
Amended    191 1. 


An  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Dentistry  in  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,  and  to  Repeal  Certain  Acts  Now  Relating 
to  the  Same. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  State 
of  New  Jersey : 


D  i;  N  I  A  1.      1.  A.  W  iS      CO  N  1)  !•  N  S  E  D.  121 

Licentiates. 

i.  The  following  persons  only  shall  be  deemed  licensed  to 
practise  dentistry  in  this  State: 

A.  Those  who  are  now  duly  licensed  and  registered  as  den- 
tists pursuant  t<>  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

B.  Those  who  may  hereafter  be  duly  licensed  and  registi 
as  dentists  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

The  State  Board  of  Registration  and  Examination  in  Dentistry. 

2.  The  members  and  officers  of  the  State  Hoard  of  Registra- 
tion and  Examination  in  Dentistry,  as  now  constituted  pursuant 
to  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty  three  of  the  laws  of  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety,  may  continue  to  hold  office  until  the  expira- 
tion of  their  term,  unless  previously  removed;  the  New  Jersey 
State  Dental  Society  shall,  at  each  of  its  annual  meetings,  recom- 
mend to  the  Governor  for  appointment  as  a  member  of  said  board 
a  dentisl  of  good  repute,  residing  and  practising  in  this  State, 
whom  the  Governor  shall  appoint  :  the  member  so  appointed  shall, 
hold  office  for  five  years,  or  until  his  successor  is  appointed;  the 
Governor  shall  also  fill,  for  the  unexpired  term  only,  vacancies 
occurring  in  the  board  by  reason  of  death,  resignation  or  other- 
wise: cause  being  shown  before  him,  he  may  remove  a  member 
from  office  upon  proven  charges  of  inefficiency,  incompetency, 
immorality  or  professional  misconduct;  the  board  shall,  at  its 
annual  meeting,  elect  from  its  members  a  president  and  secre- 
tary; it  shall  hold  at  least  two  meetings  annually  for  examining 
and  licensing  persons  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State,  at  which 
meetings  three  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  ;  said  board 
shall  have  the  power  to  determine  the  good  standing  and  repute 
of  any  dental  college,  school  or  department  of  a  university,  and 
may  from  time  to  time  designate  in  some  public  manner  schools, 
colleges  or  departments  or  universities  whose  diplomas  will  be 
received  by  it ;  it  shall  annually  make  a  report  of  its  proceedings 
to  the  Governor  and  to  the  New  Jersey  State  Dental  Society; 
the  seal  heretofore  adopted  by  it  shall  continue  to  be  the  common 
seal  of  the  board ;  it  may  sue  or  be  sued,  and  in  all  actions  brought 
by  or  against  it  the  board  shall  be  designated  as  "The  State  Board 
of  Registration  and  Examination  in  Dentistry." 

Examination. 

3.  The  board  shall  from  time  to  time  adopt  rules  for  its  own 
government  and  for  the  examination  of  candidates  for  licenses  to 
practise  dentistry;  any  rule  altering  the  nature  or  increasing  the 
severity  of  the  examination  or  the  subjects  to  be  included  therein 
shall  not  be  enforced  within  six  months  after  its  adoption  and 
public  promulgation  ;  the  examination  of  applicants  shall  be  con- 
fined to  written  or  oral,  or  both  written  or  oral,  examinations 

9 


122  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

upon  subjects  properly  relating  to  the  science  of  dentistry,  the 
knowledge  of  which  is  necessary  to  the  proper  and  skillful  prac- 
tice of  said  science ;  the  board  may  also  require  from  applicants, 
as  part  of  the  examination,  demonstration  of  their  skill  in  opera- 
tive and  mechanical  dentistry ;  no  person  shall  be  examined  by 
said  board  unless  he  or  she  be  twenty-one  years  of  age,  of  good 
moral  character  and  shall  present  to  said  board  a  certificate  from 
the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of  this  State,  showing 
that  before  entering  a  dental  college  he  or  she  has  obtained  an 
academic  education  consisting  of  four  years'  course  of  study  in  an 
approved  public  or  private  high  school  or  the  equivalent  thereof ; 
and  unless  he  had  been  graduated  in  course  with  a  dental  degree 
from  a  dental  school,  college  or  department  of  a  university  ap- 
proved by  said  board,  or  shall  hold  a  diploma  or  license  conferring 
full  right  to  practise  dentistry  in  some  foreign  country  and 
granted  by  some  authority  recognized  by  the  board ;  any  member 
of  the  board  may  inquire  of  any  applicant  for  examination  con- 
cerning his  qualifications  and  may  take  testimony  of  any  one  in 
regard  thereto,  under  oath,  which  he  is  hereby  empowered  to 
administer. 

Examination  Fees. 

4.  Every  applicant  for  license  to  practise  dentistry  shall  file 
his  application  with  and  pay  to  the  secretary  of  said  board  a  fee 
of  twenty-five  dollars  and  present  himself  for  examination  at  the 
first  regular  meeting  of  the  board  after  such  application,  due 
notice  of  which  shall  be  given ;  such  fee  shall  not  be  refunded, 
unless  from  sickness  or  other  good  cause  appearing  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  board  such  applicant  was  prevented  from  attending 
and  completing  such  examination  ;  further  or  subsequent  examin- 
ations under  such  application  may  be  given  to  applicant,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  board,  without  payment  of  additional  fee. 

Expenses  of  the  Board. 
.5.  The  board  may  cause  to  be  paid  out  of  the  fees,  fines  and 
penalties  had  and  received  by  the  secretary  all  proper  expenses 
incurred  by  it  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  including  mileage 
to  each  member  at  the  rate  of  five  cents  per  mile  for  all  distances 
necessarily  traveled  in  discharge  of  his  duties  and  an  annual  sal- 
ary of  one  hundred  dollars  to  its  secretary;  all  moneys  received 
shall  be  held  by  the  secretary,  and  paid  out  only  upon  resolution 
of  the  board  and  warrant  of  its  president;  the  secretary  shall  give 
bond  in  such  sum  and  with  such  surety  as  the  board  may  from 
time  to  time  direct  and  approve ;  a  statement  of  all  the  moneys 
received  and  disbursed  by  the  board  shall  be  annually  submitted 
to  the  Governor  in  the  annual  report  of  said  board,  and  the  sur- 
plus, if  any,  after  payments  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  paid  to  the 
State  treasurer. 


I)  K  N  T  A  I.      LAWS      (   0  \  l>  i:  N  S  E  I'-  123 

i).  Said  board  shall  register  a-  licensed  dentists,  ami  under 
its  seal  and  the  hand  of  it>  president  and  secretary,  issue  to  all 
persons  who  shall  successfully  pa---  said  examination,  its  license 
to  practice  dentistry  in  this  State;  the  board  ma)  also,  without 
the  examination  herein  above  provided  for,  issue  its  license  to 
any  applicant  therefor  who  shall  furnish  proof  satisfactory  to  it 
that  he  ha-  been  duly  licensed  after  examination  to  practice  « K- n 
tistry  in  any  State  after  full  compliance  with  all  the  requirements 

of  its  dental  laws;  provided,  however,  that  his  professional  edit 
cation  shall  not  he  less  than  that  required  in  this  State  ;  every 
license  so  given  shall  state  upon  it-  face  the  grounds  upon  which 
it  is  -ranted  and  the  applicant  may  he  required  to  furnish  his 
proof  upon  affidavit;  fee  for  such  license  shall  he  twenty  ti\e 
dollar.-. 

Revocation  of  License. 

7.  Upon  presentation  to  the  hoard  of  a  certified  copy  oi  a 
conn  record,  showing  that  a  practitioner  of  dentistry  has  been 
convicted  of  felony  or  misdemeanor,  that  fact  may  he  noted  upon 
the  record  of  license,  and  the  license  and  registration  shall  he 
marked  canceled  ;  any  person  whose  license  shall  he  so  canceled 
-hall  l»e  deemed  an  unlicensed  person,  and,  as  such,  subject  to 
the  penalties  prescribed  for  other  unlicensed  persons  who  prac- 
tise dentistry. 

2.  Section  eight  of  the  act  of  which  this  act  is  amendatory 
he  and  the  same  is  herehy  amended  so  that  it  shall  read  as 
f<  >llows  : 

8.  This  act  shall  not  be  construed  to  prohibit  an  unlicensed 
person  from  performing  mechanical  work  upon  inert  matter  in  a 
dental  office  or  laboratory;  or  to  prohibit  a  duly  licensed  physi- 
cian from  treating  the  diseases  of  the  mouth  or  performing  opera 
dons  in  oral  surgery;  nothing  in  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
he  construed  to  permit  the  performance  of  dental  operation-  by 
any  unlicensed  person  under  cover  of  the  name  of  a  registered 
practitioner;  any  person  shall  he  regarded  as  practising  dentistry 
within  the  meaning  of  this  act  who  shall  advertise  by  sign,  card, 
circular,  pamphlet,  or  newspaper,  or  otherwise  indicate  that  he 
will  perform  by  himself  or  his  agents  or  servants  any  operation 
on  or  make  examination  of,  with  intent  of  performing  or  causing 
to  he  performed  any  operation  on  the  human  teeth  or  jaws,  or 
who  i-  manager,  proprietor  or  conductor  of  a  place  where  dental 
operations  are  performed,  or  who  shall  use  the  words  or  letters 
"Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery,"  or  "D.D.S."  or  "D.M.D."  in  connec- 
tion with  his  or  her  name,  or  any  other  title  intended  to  imply  or 
designate  him  or  her  as  a  practitioner  of  dentistry,  or  who  in  con 
nection  with  such  title  or  titles,  or  without  the  use  of  such  titles 
or  any  of  them  shall  treat  or  profess  t<>  treat,  either  by  himself 


124  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

or  his  agent  or  servant,  or  as  agent  or  servant  of  another,  any 
of  the  diseases  or  lesions  of  human  teeth  or  jaws,  or  extract  teeth, 
or  shall  prepare  or  fill  cavities  in  human  teeth,  or  correct  the 
malposition  of  teeth,  or  supply  and  insert  artificial  teeth,  crowns 
or  bridges  as  substitutes  for  natural  teeth,  or  perform  any  opera- 
tion on  or  make  examination  of  with  the  intent  of  performing  or 
causing  to  be  performed  any  operation  on  the  human  teeth  or 
jaws. 

Association  or  Companies  Practising  Dentistry. 

9.  That  hereafter  if  any  association  or  company  of  persons, 
whether  incorporated  or  not,  shall  engage  in  the  practice  of  den- 
tistry under  the  name  of  "Company,"  "Association,"  or  any  other 
title,  the  said  company  or  association  shall  cause  to  be  displayed 
and  kept  in  a  conspicuous  place  at  the  entrance  to  its  place  of 
business  the  name  of  each  and  every  person  employed  by  said 
company  or  association  in  the  practice  of  dentistry;  and  any  per- 
son employed  by  such  company  or  association  whose  names  shall 
not  be  displayed  as  above  provided,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punished  as 
hereinafter  provided,  and  the  said  association  or  company,  if  in- 
corporated, or  the  persons  comprising  the  same,  if  not  incorpo- 
rated, shall  for  such  failure  to  display  the  aforesaid  names  be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be 
punished  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Annual  Registration. 

10.  That  hereafter  there  shall  be  an  annual  registration  of 
every  person,  persons,  company  or  association  practising  den- 
tistry within  the  State,  together  with  an  annual  registration  of 
each  and  every  assistant  in  the  employ  of  every  such  person,  per- 
sons, company  or  association ;  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  secre- 
tary of  this  board,  not  later  than  the  first  day  of  December  in 
each  year,  to  prepare  and  mail  to  every  person,  company  or  asso- 
ciation known  to  be  practising  dentistry  within  this  State  a  docu- 
ment to  be  known  as  the  "annual  registration  blank,"  upon  which 
shall  be  proper  space  for  the  endorsement  of  the  name,  residence 
and  location  of  office  of  the  person,  company  or  association  to 
whom  the  same  is  sent,  together  with  the  name  and  residence  of 
every  assistant  employed  in  any  such  office ;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  every  person,  company  or  association  upon  the  receipt  of 
said  blank,  to  fill  in  the  same,  residence  and  location  of  office  of 
said  person,  company  or  association,  and  also  the  name  and  resi- 
dence of  each  and  every  assistant  or  association,  and  also  the 
name  and  residence  of  each  and  every  assistant  employed  by  said 
person,  company  or  association  m  any  such  office;  said  return 
shall  be  fully  completed,  and  returned  to  the  secretary  of  this 
board  within  thirty  days  after  its  receipt;  for  failure  to  comply 


DENTAL   LAWS   CONDENSED.  I25 

herewith  the  person,  company  or  association  shall  be  liable  to  a 
fine  of  ten  dollars,  beside  costs,  to  be  sued  for  in  the  name  of  the 
board,  in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction ;  said  fine  to  be  paid 
into  the  treasury  of  the  board;  any  person,  company  or  associa- 
tion making  a  false  statement  concerning  or  touching  any  matter 
or  thing  covered  by  this  section  shall  for  such  an  offense  be  liable 
to  a  fine  of  fifty  dollars  besides  costs,  for  each  and  every  offense, 
to  be  sued  for  in  the  name  of  the  said  board,  in  any  court  of  com- 
petent jurisdiction;  said  fine  to  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of  said 
board. 

List  of  Practitioners  and  Assistants. 
11.  That  hereafter  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  person,  com- 
pany or  association  practising  dentistry  within  this  State,  upon 
demand  in  writing  made  by  the  secretary  of  this  board,  to  furnish 
within  thirty  days  after  said  demand  to  the  State  Board,  through 
its  secretary,  the  name  and  address  of  each  and  every  person  prac- 
tising dentistry  or  assisting  in  the  practice  thereof,  in  the  office 
of  said  person,  company  or  association,  together  with  a  statement 
showing  under  and  by  what  license  or  authority  the  said  person, 
company  or  association  in  practising;  for  failure  to  do  the  said 
person,  company  or  association  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  ten 
dollars,  besides  costs,  to  be  sued  for  in  the  name  of  the  board  in 
any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  said  fine  to  be  paid  into  the 
treasury  thereof;  and  any  person,  company  or  association  making 
any  false  statement  concerning  or  touching  any  matter  or  thing 
covered  by  this  section,  shall  for  such  offense  be  liable  to  a  fine 
of  fifty  dollars,  besides  costs,  for  each  and  every  offense,  to  be 
sued  for  in  the  name  of  said  board  in  any  court  of  competent 
jurisdiction,  said  fine  to  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of  said  board. 

Penalties  and  Fines. 

12.  Any  person,  company  or  association  practising  or  hold- 
ing himself  or  itself  out  to  the  public  as  practising  dentistry,  not 
being  at  the  time  of  said  practice  or  holding  out  legally  licensed 
to  practise  as  such  in  this  State,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor 
and  punishable  upon  conviction  of  a  first  offense  by  a  fine  of  not 
less  than  fifty  dollars,  and  upon  conviction  of  a  subsequent 
offense  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars,  or  by  both 
fine  and  imprisonment. 

13.  Any  person,  company  or  association,  for  failure  to  com- 
ply with  each  and  every  provision  and  condition  contained  in  the 
9th,  10th  and  nth  sections  of  this  act,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  with  a  fine 
of  not  less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  of  not 
less  than  six  months,  or  both  fine  and  imprisonment. 

(1)  Who  shall  sell  or  barter,  or  offer  to  sell  or  barter,  any 
•diploma  or  document  conferring  or  purporting  to  confer  any  den- 


126  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

tal  degree,  or  any  certificate  or  transcript  made  or  purporting  to 
be  made,  pursuant  to  the  laws  regulating  the  license  and  regis- 
tration of  dentists ;  or 

(2)  Shall  purchase  or  procure  by  barter  any  such  diploma, 
certificate  or  transcript  with  intent  that  the  same  shall  be  used 
as  evidence  of  the  holder's  qualifications  to  practise  dentistry, 
or  in  fraud  of  the  laws  regulating  such  practice ;  or 

(3)  Shall,  with  fraudulent  intent,  alter  in  a  material  regard 
any  such  diploma,  certificate  or  transcript ;  or 

(4)  Shall  use  or  attempt  to  use  any  such  diploma,  or  certifi- 
cate or  transcript,  which  has  been  purchased,  fraudulently  issued, 
counterfeited  or  materially  altered  either  as  a  license  or  color  of 
license  to  practise  dentistry,  or  in  order  to  procure  registration  as 
a  dentist ;  or 

(5)  Shall  practise  dentistry  under  a  false  or  assumed  name; 
or 

(6)  Not  being  duly  licensed  and  registered  as  a  dentist,  shall 
assume  the  degree  of  "Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery,"  or  "Doctor  of 
Dental  Medicine,"  or  shall  append  'the  letters  "D.D.S.,"  or 
"D.M.D.,"  to  his  or  her  name,  not  having  had  duly  conferred 
upon  him  or  her  by  diploma  from  some  college  or  school  legally 
empowered  to  confer  the  same,  the  right  to  assume  said  titles ;  or 
shall  assume  any  title  or  append  any  letters  to  his  or  her  name 
with  the  intent  to  represent  falsely  that  he  has  received  a  dental 
degree  or  license;  or 

(7)  Any  person  who,  in  any  affidavit  or  examination  re- 
quired by  an  application  for  examination,  license  or  registration 
under  the  laws  regulating  the  practice  of  dentistry,  shall  willfully 
make  a  false  statement  in  material  regard,  shall  be  guilty  of  a 
high  misdemeanor,  punishable  upon  conviction  thereof  by  a  fine 
not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  at  hard 
labor  not  exceeding  five  years,  or  both,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

14.  All  fines  and  penalties  or  forfeitures  imposed  or  collected 
for  violation  of  any  of  the  foregoing  provisions  of  this  act  shall 
be  paid  as  follows :  one-half  thereof  to  the  county  collector  of  the 
county  in  which  the  prosecution  is  had,  and  one-half  thereof  to 
the  secretary  of  this  board,  to  be  held,  disposed  and  accounted  for 
by  him  as  herein  above  directed ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
county  collector  for  each  county,  upon  receipt  by  him  of  any  such 
fine,  penalty  or  forfeiture,  to  forthwith  pay  over  to  the  secretary 
of  this  board  one-half  of  the  same;  said  board  or  member  or  offi- 
cer thereof  may  prefer  complaint  for  violation  of  the  law  regu- 
lating the  practice  of  dentistry  before  any  court,  tribunal  or 
magistrate  having  jurisdiction,  and  may  by  its  officers,  counsel 
and  agents  aid  in  presenting  the  law  or  facts  before  said  court, 
tribunal  or  magistrate  in  any  proceedings  taken  thereon ;  and  it 


D  E  N  I  A  I,      I.  A  W  S      CUXI)  K  N  S  i:  D.  I27 

shall  be  the  duty  of  the  prosecutor  oi  the  pleas  <»i"  the  counties 
of  this  State  to  prosecute  all  violations  of  the  aforesaid  pro's  isions 

of  this  act. 

Additional  Fines  and  Penalties  in  Civil  Proceedings. 

15.  In   addition  to  all   the  fines,   forfeitures  and   penalties 

herein  above  provided  for,  it  -hah  he  lawful  for  the  said  hoard 
to  institute  civil  proceedings  in  any  court  of  competent  jurisdic- 
tion against  any  person,  company  or  association  for  the  violation 
of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act:  such  proceedings  shall  be 

brought  in  an  action  in  debt,  and  upon  conviction  thereunder  the 
person,  company  or  association  so  convicted  shall  be  liable  to  a 
hue.  which  shall  be  the  same  amount  fixed  in  the  section  of  this 
act  for  violation  of  which  the  suit  shall  have  been  brought :  and 
all  the  tine^  and  penalties  collected  by  any  court  under  the  provi- 
sions of  this  section  of  this  act  shall  be  paid  over  to  the  secretary 
oi  this  board,  to  be  received  and  disbursed  by  him  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

16.  The  following  laws  are  hereby  repealed,  to  wit :  Chapter 
two  hundred  and  sixty  of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-three ;  chapter  twenty  of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and 
eighty-four;  chapter  one  hundred  and  forty-three  of  the  laws  of 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  and  chapter  forty-four  of  the  laws 
of  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- four. 

17.  This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


NEW    YORK    STATE    EDUCATIONAL    DEPARTMENT. 

DENTAL  LAW. 

Approved  July,   191 1. 

DENTISTRY. 

Public  Health  Law.  Ch.  45  of  the  consolidated  laws.     Became  a 
law  February  17.  1909,  amended  June,  1910  and  June,  191 1. 

Article  9. — Dental  Societies  and  the  Practice  of  Dentistry. 

Section  190.  Definitions. — As  used  in  this  article,  the  terms 
"University."  "Regents"  and  "physicians"  have  respectively  the 
meanings  defined  in  Article  8  of  this  chapter.  "Board,"  where  not 
otherwise  limited,  means  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  of  the 
State  of  New  York.  "Registered  medical  or  dental  school"  means 
a  medical  or  dental  school,  college  or  department  of  a  university, 
registered  by  the  Regents  as  maintaining  a  proper  educational 
standard  and  legally  incorporated.  ''Examiner."  where  not  other- 
wise qualified,  means  a  member  of  the  board.  "State  Dental 
Societ\ •"  means  the  Dental  Societv  of  the  State  of  New  York. 


128  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

Sec.  191.  State  Dental  Society. — The  Dental  Society  of  the 
State  of  New  York  is  continued,  and  shall  be  composed  of  eight 
delegates  from  each  district  society  divided  into  four  classes  of  two 
delegates,  each  to  be  elected  annually,  and  of  two  delegates  from 
each  incorporated  dental  school  of  the  State  to  be  elected  annually. 
The  State  Dental  Society  shall  annually  meet  on  the  second  Wed- 
nesday of  May,  or  at  such  other  time  and  at  such  place  as  may  be 
determined  on  in  the  by-laws  of  the  society  or  by  resolution,  at 
the  preceding  annual  meeting.  Twenty  members  shall  be  a  quorum. 
The  society  shall  elect  annually  a  president,  vice  president,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  for  one  year,  and  until 
others  shall  be  chosen  in  their  places,  and  may  elect  not  more  than 
sixteen  permanent  members  at  any  annual  meeting  from  among 
eminent  dentists  of  the  State,  who  shall  have  all  the  privileges  of 
delegate  members.  The  society  may  elect  honorary  members  from 
any  State  or  county  not  eligible,  to  regular  membership,  who  shall 
not  be  entitled  to  vote  or  hold  any  office  in  the  society. 

Sec.  192.  District  Dental  Societies. — The  existing  district 
dental  societies  are  continued.  In  any  judicial  district  in  which  a 
district  dental  society  is  not  now  incorporated,  fifteen  or  more  den- 
tists of  such  district  authorized  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State 
may  become  a  district  dental  society  of  such  district,  by  publishing 
a  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  dentists  of  the  district  to  be  held  at  a 
time  and  place  mentioned  therein  within  the  district,  in  at  least  one 
newspaper  in  each  county  of  the  district,  at  least  once  a  week  for 
at  least  four  weeks  immediately  preceding  the  time  when  such  meet- 
ing is  to  be  held,  and  by  meeting  at  the  time  and  place  specified  in 
such  notice  with  such  dentists  authorized  to  practise  dentistry  in 
the  district  as  may  respond  to  such  call,  and  by  making  and  filing 
with  the  secretary  of  the  State  Dental  Society  a  certificate,  to  be 
executed  and  acknowledged  by  the  dentists  so  meeting,  or  by  at 
least  fifteen  of  them,  which  shall  set  forth  that  such  meeting  has 
been  held  pursuant  to  such  notice,  the  corporate  name  of  the  society, 
which  shall  be  the  district  dental  society  of  the  judicial  district 
where  located,  the  names  and  places  of  residences  of  the  officers 
of  the  society  for  the  first  year,  or  until  the  first  annual  meeting, 
which  officers  shall  be  a  president,  vice  president,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  the  time  and  place  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  society, 
the  general  objects  and  purposes  of  the  association  and  the  names 
of  eight  delegates  to  the  State  society  divided  into  four  classes  of 
two  delegates  each,  to  hold  office  until  the  first,  second,  third  and 
fourth  annual  meeting  thereafter,  respectively.  And  thereon  the 
persons  executing  such  certificate  and  all  other  dentists  in  good 
standing  and  authorized  to  practise  dentistry  in  such  district,  who 
shall  subscribe  to  its  by-laws,  shall  be  a  corporation  by  the  name 
expressed  in  such  certificate. 


D  t  NT  A  I.      LAWS      CONDE  X  S  K  D.  1 29 

Sec.  [93.  Powers  of  District  Dental  vSocieties. — Every  licensed 
and  registered  dentist  in  the  judicial  district  in  which  such  society 
is  formed,  shall  be  eligible  to  membership  in  tin-  district  society  of 
the  district  where  he  resides  or  practises  dentistry.  Every  district 
society  shall  at  every  annual  meeting  choose  two  delegates  to  the 
State  Dental  Society,  each  to  serve  four  years,  and  may  fill  all 
vacancies  occurring  in  their  respective  delegations  in  the  State 
society.  Every  district  dental  society  shall  at  its  annual  meeting 
appoinl  m>t  Ks^  than  three  nor  more  than  five  censors  to  continue 
in  office  f.»r  one  year  and  until  others  are  chosen,  who  shall  con- 
stitute a  district  hoard  of  censors.  The  dental  societies  of  the  re- 
spective districts  of  the  State  shall  have  power  to  make  all  needful 
by-laws  not  inconsistent  with  the  laws  of  this  State  for  the  manage- 
ment of  their  affairs  and  property  and  the  admission  and  expulsion 
of  members;  providing,  that  no  by-law  of  any  district  society  shall 
be  repugnant  to  or  inconsistent  with  the  by-laws  of  the  State  society. 
Said  societies  may  purchase  and  hold  real  and  personal  estate  for 
the  purposes  of  their  incorporation;  provided  that  the  property  of 
a  district  society  shall  not  exceed  in  value  $5,000  and  the  property  of 
the  State  society  shall  not  exceed  in  value  $25,000. 

Sec.  194.  Licentiates. — Only  the  following  persons  shall  be 
deemed  licensed  to  practise  dentistry: 

1.  Those  duly  licensed  and  registered  as  dentists  in  this 
State  prior  to  the  first  day  of  August,  [895,  pursuant  to  the  laws  in 
force  at   the  time  of  their  license  and  registration. 

2.  Those  duly  licensed  and  registered  after  the  first  day 
of  August,  1895,  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this  chapter. 

Sec.  195.  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners. — The  existing  State 
Hoard  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  be  divided  into  four  classes  and 
their  terms  of  office  shall  continue  except  that  said  terms  shall 
expire  on  the  31st  day  of  July  in  each  year.  After  July  31,  1910, 
the  State  Hoard  of  Dental  Examiners  shall  be  increased  by  the 
addition  of  a  member  residing  in  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  who 
shall  be  appointed  in  the  manner  provided  by  this  section,  for  a 
term  of  four  years,  commencing  on  the  first  day  of  August,  1910, 
and  who  shall  be  a  member  of  the  class  whose  terms  commence  on 
such  date.  Before  the  day  when  the  official  terms  of  the  members 
of  any  of  said  classes  shall  expire,  the  Regents  shall  appoint  their 
successors,  to  serve  for  the  term  of  four  years  from  said  day.  Such 
appointment  shall  be  made  from  nominations  in  number  twice  the 
number  of  the  outgoing  class  made  by  such  society  to  the  Regents 
prior  to  the  second  Tuesday  in  June  of  each  year.  In  default  of 
such  nominations,  the  Regents  shall  appoint  such  examiners  from 
the  legally  qualified  dentists  in  the  State  belonging  to  the  State 
Dental  Society.  The  Regents,  in  the  same  manner,  shall  also  fill 
vacancies  in  the  hoard  that  may  occur.     All  nominations  and  ap- 


1 30  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

pointments  shall  be  so  made  that  every  vacancy  in  the  board  shall 
be  filled  by  a  resident  of  the  same  judicial  district  in  which  the  last 
incumbent  of  the  office  resided.  The  board  shall  elect  at  its  annual 
meeting  from  its  members  a  president  and  a  secretary  and  shall  hold 
one  or  more  meetings  each  year  pursuant  to  call  of  the  Regents. 
Xo  person  shall  be  appointed  an  examiner  unless  he  shall  have 
received  a  dental  degree  from  a  body  lawfully  entitled  to  confer 
the  same,  and  in  good  standing  at  the  time  of  its  conferment,  and 
shall  have  been  engaged  within  the  State  during  not  less  than  five 
years  prior  to  his  appointment  in  the  actual  and  lawful  practice  of 
dentistry.  Nor  shall  any  person  connected  with  a  dental  school  as 
professor,  trustee  or  instructor  be  eligible  to  such  appointment. 
Cause  being  shown  before  them  the  Regents  may  remove  an  exam- 
iner from  office  on  proven  charges  of  inefficiency,  incompetency, 
immorality  or  unprofessional  conduct. 

Sec.  196.  Examinations. — The  Regents  shall  admit  to  exami- 
nation any  candidate  who  shall  pay  the  fee  herein  prescribed  and 
submit  satisfactory  evidence,  verified  by  oath  if  required,  that  he : 

1.  Is  more  than  21  years  of  age. 

2.  Is  or  good  moral  character. 

3.  Has  a  preliminary  education  equivalent  to  graduation 
from  a  four-year  high  school  course  registered  by  the  Regents,  or  an 
education  accepted  by  the  Regents  as  fully  equivalent. 

4.  Subsequently  to  reeiving  such  preliminary  education 
either  has  been  graduated  in  course  with  a  dental  degree  from  a  re- 
gistered dental  school,  or  else,  having  been  graduated  in  course  from 
a  registered  medical  school  with  a  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine,  has 
pursued  thereafter  a  course  of  special  study  of  dentistry  for  at  least 
two  years  in  a  registered  dental  school,  and  received  therefrom  its 
degree  of  doctor  of  dental  surgery,  or  else  holds  a  diploma  or  license 
conferring  full  right  to  practise  dentistry  in  some  foreign  country 
and  granted  by  some  registered  authority  or  else  has  lawfully  prac- 
tised dentistry  for  more  than  twenty-five  years  without  this  State  and 
within  the  United  States.  Provided  that  any  person  who  then  being 
a  bona  fide  student  of  dentistry  in  this  State  under  private  precept- 
orship  was  entitled  to  file  on  or  before  the  31st  day  of  July,  1895, 
with  the  secretary  of  the  State  Dental  Society  a  certificate  of  study 
under  private  preceptorship  and  who  did  at  any  time  prior  to  the 
first  day  of  January,  1904,  upon  sworn  proof  of  such  fact  file  such 
a  certificate  with  the  Regents,  may  be  admitted  to  examination 
before  the  board.  Any  member  of  the  board  may  inquire  of  any 
applicant  for  examination  concerning  his  qualifications  and  may 
take  testimony  of  any  one  in  regard  thereto,  under  oath,  which  he 
is  hereby  empowered  to  administer. 

Sec.  197.  Degrees. — No  degree  in  dentistry  shall  be  conferred 
in  this  State  except  the  degree  of  doctor  of  dental  surgery.  Sain 
degree  shall  not  be  conferred  upon  any  one  unless  he  shall  have 


D  I'.  N  T   \  I.      I.  K  WS      ^   "  N  1>  B  N  S  K  I).  [31 

satisfactorily  completed  a  course  of  at  least  three  years  in  a  regis- 
tered dental  school,  or  having  been  graduated  in  course  from  a 
registered  medical  school  with  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine 
-hall  have  pursued  satisfactorily  thereafter  a  course  of  special  study 
(if  dentistry  for  at  least  two  years  in  a  registered  dental  school;  nor 
shall  said  degree  he  conferred  upon  any  one,  unless  prior  to  matricu- 
lation in  the  institution  conferring  his  professional  degree,  or  hefore 
beginning  the  second  course  of  lectures  counted  toward  such  dc 
Ik-  -hall  have  hied  with  -aid  institution  a  Regents'  certificate  that 
he  has  received  the  required  preliminary  education  evidenced  as 
aforesaid;  provided  further,  however,  that  the  Regents  may  confer 
upon  all  persons  who  shall  have  received  the  degree  of  master  of 
dental  surgery  under  the  laws  of  this  State,  prior  to  March  28,  1901, 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  dental  surgery  in  lieu  of  said  master's 
degree. 

Sec.  198.  Licenses. — On  certification  by  the  Board  of  Dental 
Kxaminers  that  a  candidate  has  successfully  passed  its  examina- 
tions and  is  competent  to  practise  dentistry,  the  Regents  shall  issue 
to  him  their  license  so  to  practise  pursuant  to  the  rules  established 
by  them.  On  the  recommendation  of  the  board,  the  Regents  may 
also,  without  the  examination  hereinbefore  provided  for.  issue  their 
license  to  any  applicant  therefor  who  shall  furnish  proof  satisfactory 
to  them  that  he  has  been  duly  graduated  from  a  registered  dental 
school  and  has  been  thereafter  lawfully  and  reputably  engaged  in 
such  practice  for  six  years  next  preceding  his  application ;  or  who 
holds  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  any  other  State  of  the  I'nited 
States  granted  by  a  State  board  of  dental  examiners,  indorsed  by 
the  Dental  Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  provided,  that  in 
either  case  his  preliminary  and  professional  education  shall  have 
been  not  less  than  that  required  in  this  State.  Every  license  so 
issued  shall  state  on  its  face  the  grounds  on  which  it  is  granted  and 
the  applicant  may  be  required  to  furnish  his  proofs  on  affidavit. 

Sec.  199.  Registration. — Every  person  practising  dentistry  in 
this  State  and  not  lawfully  registered  before  April  17,  1896.  shall 
register  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  county  where  his  place  of 
business  is  located,  in  a  book  kept  by  the  clerk  for  such  purpose, 
his  name,  age.  office  and  post  office  address,  date  and  number  of 
his  license  to  practise  dentistry  and  the  date  of  such  registration, 
which  registration  he  shall  be  entitled  to  make  only  upon  showing 
to  the  county  clerk  his  license  or  a  duly  authenticated  copy  thereof, 
and  making  an  affidavit  stating  name,  age,  birthplace,  the  number 
of  his  license  and  the  date  of  its  issue:  that  he  is  the  identical 
person  named  in  the  license ;  that  before  receiving  the  same  he 
complied  with  all  the  preliminary  requirements  of  this  article  and 
the  rules  of  the  Regents  and  board  as  to  the  terms  and  the  amount 
of  study  and  examination;  that  no  money,  other  than  the  fees  pre- 
scribed by  this  article  and  said  rules,  was  paid  directly  or  indirectly 


132  DENTAL  LAWS   CONDENSED. 

for  such  license,  and  that  no  fraud,  misrepresentation  or  mistake 
in  a  material  regard  was  employed  or  occurred  in  order  that  such 
license  should  be  conferred.  The  county  clerk  shall  preserve  such 
affidavit  in  a  bound  volume  and  shall  issue  to  every  licentiate  duly 
registering  and  making  such  affidavit,  a  certificate  of  registration  in 
his  county,  which  shall  include  a  transcript  of  the  registration.  Such 
transcript  and  the  license  may  be  offered  as  presumptive  evidence 
in  all  courts  of  the  facts  stated  therein.  The  county  clerk's  fee  for 
taking  such  registration  and  affidavit  and  issuing  such  certificate, 
shall  be  $1.  A  practising  dentist  having  registered  a  lawful  author- 
ity to  practise  dentistry  in  one  county  of  the  State  and  removing 
such  practice  or  part  thereof  to  another  county,  or  regularly  engag- 
ing in  practice  or  opening  an  office  in  another  county,  shall  show 
or  send  by  registered  mail  to  the  clerk  of  such  other  county  his 
certificate  of  registration.  If  such  certificate  clearly  shows  that  the 
original  registration  was  of  an  authority  issued  under  seal  by  the 
Regents,  or  if  the  certificate  itself  is  indorsed  by  the  Regents  as 
entitled  to  registration,  the  clerk  shall  thereupon  register  the  appli- 
cant in  the  latter  county,  on  receipt  of  a  fee  of  25  cents,  and  shall 
stamp  or  indorse  on  such  certificate,  the  date  and  his  name,  preceded 

by  the  words,  "registered  also  in county,"  and 

return  the  certificate  to  the  applicant.  Any  person  who  having  law- 
fully registered  as  aforesaid  shall  thereafter  change  his  name  in 
any  lawful  manner  shall  register  the  new  name  with  marginal  note 
of  the  former  name ;  and  shall  note  upon  the  margin  of  the  former 
registration  the  fact  of  such  change  and  a  cross  reference  to  the 
new  registration.  A  county  clerk  who  knowingly  shall  make  or 
suffer  to  be  made  upon  the  book  of  registry  of  dentists  kept  in  his 
office  any  other  entry  than  is  provided  for  in  this  section  shall  be 
liable  to  a  penalty  of  $50  to  be  recovered  by  the  State  Dental  Society 
in  a  suit  in  any  court  having  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  200.  Examination  Fees. — Every  applicant  for  license  to 
practise  dentistry  shall  pay  a  fee  of  not  more  than  $25.  From  the 
fees  provided  by  this  article  the  Regents  may  pay  all  proper  ex- 
penses incurred  by  them  under  its  provisions,  and  any  surplus  at 
the  end  of  any  academic  year  shall  be  paid  to  the  society  nominating 
the  examiners  to  defray  its  expenses  incurred  under  the  law. 

Sec.  201.  Revocation  of  Licenses. — If  any  practitioner  of  den- 
tistry be  charged  under  oath  before  the  board,  with  unprofessional 
or  immoral  conduct,  or  with  gross  ignorance,  or  inefficiency  in  his 
profession,  the  board  shall  notify  him  to  appear  before  it  at  an 
appointed  time  and  place,  with  counsel,  if  he  so  desires,  to  answer 
said  charges,  furnishing  to  him  a  copy  thereof.  Upon  the  report 
of  the  board  that  the  accused  has  been  guilty  of  unprofessional  or 
immoral  conduct,  or  that  he  is  grossly  ignorant  or  inefficient  in  his 
profession,  the  Regents  may  suspend  the  person  so  charged  from 
the  practice  of  dentistry  for  a  limited  season,  or  may  revoke  his 


D  E  N  T  A  i-      LAWS      C  O  N  D  i.  \  S  i.  D.  I  33 

license.  Upon  the  revocation  of  any  license,  the  fact  shall  be  noted 
upon  the  records  of  the  Regents  and  the  license  shall  be  marked  as 
cancelled,  of  the  date  of  its  revocation.  Upon  presentation  of  a 
certificate  of  such  cancellation  to  the  clerk  of  any  county  wherein 
the  licentiate  may  be  registered,  said  clerk  shall  note  the  date  of 
the  cancellation  on  the  register  of  dentins  and  cancel  the  registration. 
A  conviction  of  felon)  shall  forfeit  a  license  to  practise  dentistry, 
and  upon  presentation  to  the  Regents  or  a  county  clerk  by  any 
public  officer  or  officer  of  a  dental  society  of  a  certified  copy  of  a 
court  record  showing  that  a  practitioner  of  dentisty  has  been  con- 
victed of  felony,  that  fact  shall  be  noted  on  the  record  of  license 
and  clerk's  register,  and  the  license  and  registration  shall  be  marked 
"cancelled."  Am  person  who.  after  conviction  of  a  felony  shall 
practise  dentistry  in  this  State,  shall  be  subject  to  all  the  penalties 
prescribed  for  the  unlicensed  practice  of  dentistry,  providing  that  if 
such  conviction  he  subsequently  reversed  upon  appeal  and  the  ac- 
cused  acquitted  or  discharged,  his  license  shall  become  again  oper- 
ative from  the  date  of  such  acquittal  or  discharge. 

Sec.  202.  Construction  of  This  Article. — This  article  shall  not 
be  construed  to  prohibit  an  unlicensed  person  from  performing 
merely  mechanical  work  upon  inert  matter  in  a  dental  office  or 
laboratory,  or  the  student  of  a  licentiate  from  assisting  the  latter  in 
his  performance  of  dental  operations  while  in  the  presence  and 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  his  instructor  ;  or  a  student  in  an 
incorporated  dental  school  or  college  from  performing  operations 
for  purposes  of  clinical  study  under  the  supervision  and  instruction 
of  preceptors  ;  or  a  duly  licensed  physician  from  treating  diseases  of 
the  mouth  or  performing  operations  in  oral  surgery.  But  nothing 
in  this  article  shall  be  construed  to  permit  the  performance  of  inde- 
pendent dental  operations  by  an  unlicensed  person  under  cover  of 
the  name  of  a  registered  practitioner  or  in  his  office.  Nor  shall 
anything  in  this  article  be  construed  to  require  of  students  matricu- 
lated in  registered  dental  or  medical  schools  before  the  first  day  of 
January,  1905.  any  other  or  higher  qualification  for  the  dental 
license  or  degree  than  was  demanded  by  existing  laws  as  interpreted 
by  the  regulations  of  the  Regents  at  the  date  of  their  matriculation. 
203.  Penalties. — a.  A  person  who,  in  any  county  of  this 
State,  practises  or  holds  himself  out  to  the  public  as  practising 
dentistry,  not  being  at  the  times  of  said  practice  or  holding  out,  a 
dentist  licensed  to  practise  as  such  in  this  State  and  registered  in 
the  office  of  the  clerk  of  such  county,  pursuant  to  the  gen- 
eral laws  regulating  the  practice  of  dentistry,  is  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  punishable  upon  conviction  of  a  first  of- 
fense by  a  tine  of  not  less  than  $50,  and  upon  conviction  of  a  subse- 
quent offense  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $100.  or  by  imprisonment 
for  not  less  than  two  months  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 
Any  violation  of  this  section  by  a  person  theretofore  convicted  under 


1 34  DENT  A  L      LAWS      CONDE  N  SED. 

the  then  existing  laws  of  this  State  of  practising  dentistry  without 
license  or  registration,  shall  be  included  in  the  term  a  "subsequent 
offense."  Every  conviction  of  unlawful  practice  or  holding  out 
subsequent  to  a  first  conviction  thereof  shall  be  a  conviction  of  a 
second  offense.  Every  practitioner  of  dentistry  must  display  in  a 
conspicuous  place  upon  the  house  or  in  the  office  wherein  he  prac- 
tises his  full  name.  If  there  are  more  dental  chairs  than  one  in 
any  office  or  dental  parlor  the  name  of  the  practitioner  must  be  dis- 
played on  or  by  said  chair  in  plain  sight  of  the  patient.  Any  person 
who  shall  practise  dentistry  without  displaying  his  name  as  herein 
prescribed ;  and  any  proprietor,  owner  or  manager  of  a  dental 
office,  establishment  or  parlor  who  shall  fail  so  to  display  or  cause 
to  be  displayed  the  name  of  each  person  employed  as  a  practising 
dentist  or  practising  as  a  dentist  in  said  office,  establishment  or 
parlor,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  punishable  upon  a  first 
conviction  by  a  fine  of  $50,  and  upon  every  subsequent  conviction 
by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $100,  or  by  imprisonment  for  not  less  than 
sixty  days,  or  by  both  fine  and  imprisonment. 

b.  A  person  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  midemeanor,  and  upon 
every  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
S250,  or  by  imprisonment  for  not  less  than  six  months,  or  by  both 
fine  and  imprisonment,  who 

1.  Shall  sell  or  barter  or  offer  to  sell  or  barter  any  diploma 
or  document  conferring  or  purporting  to  confer,  any  dental  degree 
or  any  certificate  or  transcript  made  or  purporting  to  be  made  pur- 
suant to  the  laws  regulating  the  license  and  registration  of  den- 
tists ;  or, 

2.  Shall  purchase  or  procure  by  barter  any  such  diploma, 
certificate  or  transcript  with  intent  that  the  same  shall  be  used  as 
evidence  of  the  qualifications  to  practise  dentistry  of  any  person 
other  than  the  one  upon  whom  it  was  lawfully  conferred  or  in  fraud 
of  the  laws  regulating  such  practice ;  or, 

3.  Shall,  with  fradulent  intent,  alter  in  a  material  regard 
any  such  diploma,  certificate  or  transcript ;  or, 

4.  Shall  use  or  attempt  to  use  any  such  diploma,  certificate 
or  transcript  which  has  been  purchased,  fradulently  issued,  counter- 
feited or  materially  altered  either  as  a  license  or  color  of  license  to 
practise  dentistry  or  in  order  to  procure  registration  as  a  dentist;  or. 

5.  Shall  practise  dentistry  under  a  false  or  assumed  name; 
or, 

6.  Shall  assume  the  degree  <>f  bachelor  of  dental  surgery, 
doctor  of  dental  surgery,  or  master  of  dental  surgery,  or  shall  ap- 
pend the  letters  B.  D.  S.,  D.  D.  S.,  M.  D.  S.,  to  his  name,  not 
having  been  duly  conferred  upon  him  by  diploma  from  some  college, 
school  or  board  of  examiners  legally  empowered  to  confer  the  same, 
the  right  to  assume  said  titles ;  or  shall  assume  any  title  or  append 
or  prefix  any  letters  to  his  name  with  the  intent  to  represent  falsely 
that  he  has  received  a  medical  or  dental  degree  or  license,  or, 


i)  i:  \  r  a  '■    haws    co  \  D  !•:  x  s  i.  d.  [35 

7.  Shall  falsel)  presonate  another  at  any  examination,  held 
1>\  the  Regents  or  by  the  board,  of  the  preliminary  or  professional 
education  of  candidates  for  dental  student  certificates,  dental  de- 
grees or  licenses,  or  who  shall  induce  another  to  make  or  aid  and 
abet  in  the  making  of  such  false  personation,  dr  who  shall  know- 
ingl)  avail  himself  of  the  benefit  of  such  false  personation,  or  who 
>hall  knowingly  or  negligently  make  falsely  any  certificate  required 
by  the  Regents  or  board  in  connection  with  their  examinations. 

c.  Any  person  who  in  any  affidavit  or  examination  required  of 
an  applicant  for  examination,  license  or  registration  under  the  laws 
regulating  the  practice  of  dentistry,  or  under  the  laws,  ordinances 
or  regulation^  governing'  the  Regents'  examinations  of  the  prelim- 
inary education  required  for  a  dental  student's  certificate  shall  make 
wilfully  a  false  statement  in  a  material  regard  shall  be  guilty  of 
perjury,  and  punishable  upon  conviction  thereof  by  imprisonment 
not  exceeding  ten  years. 

d.  All  courts  of  special  sessions  and  police  justices  sitting  as 
courts  of  special  sessions  shall  have  jurisdiction  in  the  first  instance 
to  hear  ami  determine  all  charges  of  misdemeanors  mentioned  in 
this  article  committed  within  their  local  jurisdiction,  and  to  impose 
all  the  penalties  provided  for  misdemeanors  in  this  article;  provided, 
however,  that  the  power  of  said  courts  and  justices  to  hear  and 
determine  such  charges  shall  be  divested,  if  before  the  commence- 
ment of  a  trial  before  such  court  or  justice,  a  grand  jury  shall 
present  an  indictment  against  the  accused  person  for  the  same 
offense,  or  if  a  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  or  a  county  judge  of 
the  county  shall  grant  a  certificate  in  the  manner  provided  by  law 
in  cases  of  misdemeanor,  that  it  is  reasonable  that  such  charge  be 
prosecuted  by  indictment. 

e.  All  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  of  bail  imposed  or  col- 
lected on  account  of  violations  of  the  laws  regulating  the  practice 
<'i  dentistn  must  be  paid  to  the  State  Dental  Society.  Said  society 
may  prefer  complaints  for  violations  of  the  law  regulating  the 
practice  of  dentistry  before  any  court,  tribunal  or  magistrate  having 
jurisdiction  thereof  and  may  by  its  officers,  counsel  and  agents  aid 
in  presenting  the  law  and  the  facts  before  such  court,  tribunal  or 
magistrate  in  any  proceeding  instituted  by  it. 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK.* 

In  Assembly,  February  9,  191 2. 

A11  Act  to  amend  the  public  health  law,  in  relation  to  the  licens- 
ing of  dentists. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  Xew  York,  represented  in  Senate  and 
Assembly,  do  enact  as  follows: 
Section   1.     Section   one   hundred   and    ninety-eight   of   chapter 

forty-nine  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred  and  nine,  entitled   "An 
♦Note. — Defeated    in    Senate, 


I36  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

act  in  relation  to  the  public  health,  constituting  chapter   forty-five 
of  the  consolidated  laws,"  is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

Section  198.  Licenses. — On  certification  by  the  board  of  dental 
examiners  that  a  candidate  has  successfully  passed  its  examinations 
and  is  competent  to  practise  dentistry,  the  regents  shall  issue  to 
to  him  their  license  so  to  practise  pursuant  to  the  rules  established 
by  them.  On  the  recommendation  of  the  board,  the  regents  may 
also,  without  the  examination  hereinbefore  provided  for,  issue  their 
license  to  any  applicant  herefor  who  shall  furnish  proof  satis- 
factory to  them  that  he  has  been  duly  graduated  from  a  registered 
dental  school  and  has  been  thereafter  lawfully  and  reputably  en- 
gaged in  such  practice  for  six  years  next  preceding  his  application; 
or  who  holds  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  any  other  state  of 
the  United  States  granted  by  a  state  board  of  dental  examiners, 
indorsed  by  the  dental  society  of  the  state  of  New  York,  provided, 
that  in  either  [case]  of  such  cases  his  preliminary  and  professional, 
education  shall  have  been  not  less  than  that  required  in  this  state ; 
or  who  files  with  the  board  a  certified  copy  of  a  license  to  practise 
dentistry  in  any  other  state  of  the  United  States  granted  to  him 
by  a  state  board  of  dental  examiners  accompanied  with  proof  that 
the  standard  of  requirements  of  the  board  of  such  other  state  at  the 
time  of  the  granting  of  such  license  was  not  lower  that  that  then 
required  in  this  state,  provided  that  the  state  granting  such  license 
shall  issue  on  similar  proof  its  license  to  persons  licensed  by  the 
regents  of  this  state.  Every  license  so  issued  shall  state  on  its  face 
the  grounds  on  which  it  is  granted  and  the  applicant  may  be  re- 
quired to  furnish  his  proofs  on  affidavit. 

Section  2.     This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately. 


DENTAL  LAW  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Revised  191 1. 


Section  3148. — Who  Entitled  to  Commence  the  Practice  of  Den- 
tistry.    1879,  C.  139  S.  1. 

No  person  except  regularly  authorized  physicians  and  sur- 
geons shall  commence  the  practice  of  dentistry  unless  said  person 
has  been  graduated  and  received  a  diploma  from  the  faculty  of  a 
reputable  institution  where  this  specialty  is  taught  and  chartered 
under  the  authority  of  some  one  of  the  United  States,  or  of  a 
foreign  government  acknowledged  as  such,  or  shall  have  obtained 
a  certificate  from  a  board  of  examiners  duly  appointed  and 
authorized  by  this  chapter  to  issue  such  certificate. 


1 1  i:  N  T  A  L      LAWS      C  O  N  D  E  N  S  K  1  >.  1 37 

ion      3149. — Board     of     Examiners;      Vacancies.      1879,      C. 

[39,  S.  2. 

The  said  Board  of  Examiners  hereinbefore  provided  for  shall 
consist  of  >ix  members  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  to 
be  elected  by  the  said  society  at  its  next  annual  meeting  and  shall 
hold  office  a>  follows:  Two  for  one  year,  two  for  two  years  and 
two  for  three  years,  or  until  their  successors  are  elected.  The 
said  board  shall  also  have  power  to  fill  all  vacancies  for  unexpired 
terms,  and  they  shall  be  responsible  to  said  State  Society  for  their 
acts. 

"ii  3150. — Meeting  of  the  Hoard.     1879,  C.  139,  S.  3. 

The  Hoard  of  Examiners  shall  meet  annually  at  the  time  and 
place  of  the  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental  Society,  and 
at  such  other  times  and  places  as  the  said  board  or  any  four 
members  thereof  shall  agree  upon,  to  conduct  the  examination 
of  applicants,  thirty  days'  notice  of  said  meeting  being  given  by 
advertising  in  at  least  three  newspapers  published  in  this  State. 

Section  31 51. — Board  to  Grant  Certificates,  Etc.;  Proviso.     1879, 
C.  139,  S.  4. 

Said  board  shall  grant  a  certificate  of  proficiency  in  the 
knowledge  and  practice  of  dentistry  to  all  applicants  who  shall 
undergo  a  satisfactory  examination,  and  who  shall  receive  a 
majority  of  votes  of  said  board  upon  such  proficiency,  which  cer- 
tificate shall  be  signed  by  the  members  of  the  board  conducting 
said  examination,  and  shall  bear  the  seal  of  the  said  North  Car- 
olina Dental  Society;  provided,  any  person  wishing  to  engage  in 
the  practice  of  dentistry  at  any  time  prior  to  the  regular  meeting 
of  said  board  may  be  examined  by  any  one  member  of  said  board, 
and  if  competent  may  receive  a  temporary  certificate,  which  shall 
be  in  force  only  until  the  next  regular  meeting,  and  no  member 
of  said  board  shall  grant  a  temporary  certificate  a  second  time  to 
the  same  person. 

Section  3152. —  Hoard  to  Keep  Record  of  Persons  to  Whom  Cer- 
tificates Granted;  Evidence.  1879.  C.  T39>  S.  5. 
Said  board  shall  keep  a  book  in  which  shall  be  entered  the 
name-  and  proficiency  of  all  persons  to  whom  certificates  shall  be 
granted  under  this  chapter,  and  the  date  of  granting  said  certifi- 
cate, and  the  book  so  provided  shall  be  deemed  a  book  of  record, 
and  a  transcript  of  any  such  entry  therein,  certified  to  under  the 
hand  of  the  Secretary  and  seal  of  the  North  Carolina  Dental 
Society,  shall  be  admitted  as  evidence  in  any  court  when  the 
same  shall  be  otherwise  competent. 

Section  3153. — Quorum.     1879,  C.  139,  S.  6. 

Four  members  of  said  board  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for 
the  transaction  of  such  business,  and  should  a  quorum  not  be 


1 38  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

present  on  the  day  appointed  for  the  meeting-  of  said  board,  those 
present  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day  until  a  quorum  is  present. 

Section  3154. — Misdemeanor  to  Practice  Dentistry  Without  Obtain- 
ing Certificate,  Etc.;  Provisos.  1879,  C.  139,  S.  6. 
Any  person  who  shall  practise  dentistry  in  this  State  with- 
out having  first  passed  the  examination  and  obtained  the  certifi- 
cate hereinbefore  provided,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
fined  twenty-five  dollars ;  provided,  any  person  so  convicted  shall 
not  be  entitled  to  sue  for  or  recover  any  fee  or  charge  for  dental 
service  in  any  court,  and  any  sum  of  money  paid  to  a  person  so 
convicted  for  dental  services  rendered  may  be  recovered  by  the 
person  so  paying  the  same,  or  his  legal  representative ;  provided 
further,  no  one  applying  for  a  license  to  practise  dentistry  shall 
be  denied  such  license  on  account  of  race,  color  or  previous  condi- 
tion of  servitude. 

Section   3155. — Fines   Appropriated   to    School    Fund.      1879,    C. 

139,  S.  8. 

All  fines  and  penalties  so  recovered  shall  be  appropriated  to 
the  school  fund  of  the  county  in  which  the  same  shall  have  been 
recovered. 

Section  3156. — Chapter  not  to  Apply  to  Persons  Now  Practising 

Dentistry.     1879,  C.  139,  S.  8. 

Nothing  in  this  chapter  shall  apply  to  any  person  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  dentistry  before  the  seventh  day  of  March,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-nine,  nor  to  prevent  any  one 
from  extracting  teeth. 

The  following  amendments  have  been  made  by  the  Legisla- 
ture of  North  Carolina  since  the  above  chapter  was  enacted  in 
1883  and  embodied  in  The  Code. 

The  following  chapter  was  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of 
1887.    See  chapter  178: 

An  Act  to  Amend  Chapter  Thirty-four,  Volume  Two  of  the  Code 
of  North  Carolina,  Relating  to  Dentistry. 

The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  Enact : 

Section  1.  That  section  three  thousand  one  hundred  and 
forty-eight  of  the  Code  of  North  Carolina,  being  chapter  thirty- 
four,  volume  two,  be  stricken  out  and  the  following  inserted  in 
lieu  thereof:  Hereafter  no  person  shall  commence  the  practice 
of  dentistry  who  has  not  obtained  a  certificate  from  a  Board  of 
Examiners  duly  authorized  and  appointed  in  accordance  with  sec- 
tion three  thousand  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  and  that  part  of 
chapter  thirty-four  which  relates  to  dentistry,  which  certificate 
shall  be  registered  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court 


D  i:  N  T  A  i.      I,  A  WS      CO  \  i'  i.  N  SED.  139 

of  the  county  in  which  such  person  proposes  to  practise,  for 
which  the  clerk  shall  receive  a  fee  of  fifty  cents;  provided,  this 
Act  shall  not  apply  to  any  dentist  holding  a  diploma  from  a  char- 
tered dental  institution. 

Sec.  _'.  Any  failure,  neglect  or  refusal  OB  the  part  of  any 
person  holding  such  certificate  to  register  the  same  as  above 
directed  for  a  period  of  six  month-  shall  work  a  forfeiture  of  the 
certificate;  and  no  certificate  when  once  forfeited  shall  be  re- 
stored,  except  upon  the  payment  to  said  Board  of  Examiners  of 
the  sum  of  twenty-five  dollar-  as  a  penalty  for  Mich  neglect,  fail- 
ure or  refusal. 

Sec.  3.  In  order  to  provide  means  for  carrying  out  and  main- 
taining the  provisions  of  this  Act  the  said  Board  of  Examiners 
may  charge  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  for  each  person  applying  for  a  cer- 
tificate, which  in  no  case  shall  be  returned,  and  funds  so  derived 
shall  he  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Secretary  to  be  used  in  defray- 
ing the  necessary  expenses  in  conducting  the  meetings  of  said 
board,  and  under  no  circumstances  shall  any  part  of  such  expense 
come  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  State. 

4.    Within  six  months  from  the  time  this  Act  takes  effect 
it  shall  he  the  duty  of  every  person  who  is  at  the  time  lawfully 

Lged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  in  this  State  to  cause  his  or 
her  name,  residence,  date  of  diploma  or  license  and  date  of  com- 
mencing the  practice  of  dentistry  to  be  registered  with  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  authorized  and 
appointed  as  aforesaid  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose.  The  state- 
ment "f  every  such  person  shall  be  verified  on  oath  before  a 
notary  public  or  justice  of  the  peace  in  such  manner  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  said  Hoard  of  Examiners,  which  shall  provide, 
upon  application,  blanks  for  this  purpose.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  secretary  of  the  board  to  furnish  the  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  each  county  a  certified  list  of  the  names  of  all  persons  in 
said  county  who  have  registered  according  to  the  provisions  of 
this  Act:  and  it  -hall  be  the  duty  of  such  clerk  to  register  such 
names  in  a  book  kept  for  that  purpose  upon  the  payment  to  him 
of  a  fee  of  fifty  cents.  Any  person  thus  registered  can  practise 
in  one  or  more  counties  upon  filing  in  such  county  or  counties  a 
duly  certified  transcript  of  such  registration.  All  persons  now 
practising  who  -hall  fail  to  register  according  to  the  provisions 
of  this  Act  within  the  time  prescribed,  and  who  shall  offer  to 
practise  dentistry,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
upon  condition  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  fifty  dollars  nor 
than  twenty-five  dollars  for  each  offense.  Any  person  who  shall 
knowingly  and  falsely  claim  or  pretend  to  have  or  hold  a  certifi- 
cate of  proficiency  granted  by  said  Board  of  Examiners  shall  be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  fined  not 
more  than  fiftv  dollars  nor  less  than  twentv-fivc  dollars  for  each 


I4O  DENTAL      LAWS      CONDENSED. 

offense.  All  fines  and  penalties  so  recovered  shall  be  appropri- 
ated to  the  school  fund  of  the  county  in  which  the  same  shall  have 
been  recovered. 

Sec.  5.  Nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  pro- 
hibit any  one  from  extracting  teeth. 

Sec.  6.  That  section  three  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
six  of  said  chapter  thirty-four  is  not  intended  to  apply  to  this  Act. 

Sec.  7.  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its  rati- 
fication. 

In  the  General  Assembly  read  three  times,  and  ratified  this 
the  3d  day  of  March,  A.  D.  1887. 

That  chapter  34  of  The  Code,  volume  two,  was  further 
amended  by  Acts  of  1889,  chapter  228,  which  reads  as  follows : 

An  Act  to  Extend  the  Time  for  Registration  of  Dentists  in  North 
Carolina. 

The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  Enact : 

Section  1.  That  the  limit  of  time  provided  in  chapter  one 
hundred  and  seventy-eight,  section  four,  laws  of  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  for  the  registration  of  dentists, 
be  and  the  same  is  hereby  extended  twelve  months  from  the  pas- 
sage of  this  Act. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  State  Board  of  Examiners  shall,  within  the 
above  prescribed  time,  forward  the  necessary  blanks  for  registra- 
tion to  the  clerks  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  the  respective  coun- 
ties, whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  notify  all  persons  practising  den- 
tistry of  said  requirements  in  said  county. 

Sec.  3.  That  this  Act  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  rati- 
fication. 

Ratified  the  25th  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1889. 
That   chapter   34  of  The    Code,   volume   two,   was   further 
amended  by  the  Acts  of  1891,  chapter  251,  which  reads  as  follows  : 

An  Act  to  Amend  Chapter  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-eight  of 
the  Laws  of  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Eighty-seven  and  Relat- 
ing to  Dentistry. 

The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  Enact : 

Section  1.  That  section  one  of  chapter  one  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-eight of  the  laws  of  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven  be 
amended  by  striking  out  the  proviso  in  said  section. 

Sec.  2.  That  this  Act  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  rati- 
fication. 

Ratified  the  3d  day  of  March,  A.  D.  1891. 

Sec.  36.  On  each  and  every  practicing  lawyer,  practicing 
physician  and  dentist,  the  sum  of  five  dollars  and  one-half  of  one 


1 1  i:  \  T  A  I-      LAWS      CONDENSED.  I4I 

per  centum  on  gross  receipts  for  his  profession  over  and  above 

one  thousand  dollars:  provided,  that  no  city,  town  or  county  shall 
levy  any  additional  tax  oil  lawyers,  physicians  and  dentists;  pro- 
vided, that  any  and  all  persons  who  shall  write  deeds,  mortgages, 
conveyances  or  other  legal  instruments  for  a  pecuniary  consider- 
ation, shall  be  deemed  as  practising  law,  and  subject  to  the  tax 
imposed  by  this  section. 

CHAPTER   137. 

An  Act  to  Amend  Section  4467  of  the   Revisal  of  1905  and  to 
Authorize  the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  for  the  Practice  of 
Dentistry  to  Revoke  License  to  Practise  Dentistry. 

The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  Enact : 

Section  1.  That  section  four  thousand  four  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  of  the  Revisal  of  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  five 
be  amended  by  adding  at  the  end  of  said  section  the  following: 
"The  Board  of  Examiners  created  by  section  four  thousand  four 
hundred  and  sixty-three  of  the  Revisal  of  one  thousand  nine  hun- 
dred and  five  for  the  examination  of  those  desiring  to  obtain  a 
certificate  to  engage  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  may  refuse  to 
grant  a  license  to  any  person  guilty  of  felony  or  gross  immorality, 
or  who  is  addicted  to  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors  or  narcotic  drugs 
to  such  an  extent  as  to  render  him  unfit  to  practise  dentistry;  and 
the  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  may,  after  due  notice  and  hear- 
ing, revoke  a  license  for  like  cause  or  any  license  which  has  been 
procured  by  fraud,  or  any  license  issued  to  a  person  who  shall 
upon  notice  and  hearing  be  proven  to  the  satisfaction  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  to  be  incom- 
petent to  practise  dentistry;  and  any  license  or  permits  obtained 
through  fraud  or  by  any  fraudulent  or  false  representation  shall 
be  void  and  of  no  effect. 

Sec.  2.  This  Act  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  ratifica- 
tion. 

Ratified  this  the  7th  day  of  March,  A.  D.  191 1. 


DENTAL  LAW  OF  VIRGINIA. 

Amended  1910. 


New  Dental  Law  of  Virginia :  A  bill  to  define  dentistry,  to 
regulate  the  practise  of  the  same,  and  to  provide  penalties  for  the 
violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act : — 

Recognizing  that  dentistry  is  a  specialty  of  medicine  and 
surgery;  therefore, 


I42  DENTAL   LAWS   CONDENSED. 

i.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Virginia.  That 
after  this  act  goes  into  effect,  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person 
to  engage  in  the  practice  of  this  specialty  for  compensation  as 
either  assistant  or  employee,  or  to  receive  a  license  from  any  com- 
missioner of  the  revenue  to  praise  this  specialty,  except  he  shall 
have  passed  the  examinations  provided  for  by  this  Act  and  re- 
ceive the  certificates  herein  provided,  and  an}*  person  practicing 
this  specialty  in  this  State  without  having  passed  examinations 
and  received  certificates,  as  herein  provided,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and,  upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be 
fined  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  dollars  for  the  first  offense,  and  for  the  second 
offense  a  fine  of  not  less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  imprison- 
ment of  from  three  to  twelve  months  in  jail,  or  both,  in  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  jury.  Nor  shall  such  person  receive  any  compensa- 
tion for  services  rendered  by  him ;  provided,  that  nothing  con- 
tained in  this  section  shall  prevent  any  authorized  physician  or 
surgeon  from  extracting  teeth  or  any  other  person  from  extract- 
ing teeth  from  anyone  suffering  from  toothache,  or  to  prevent  a 
bona  fide  student  in  regular  attendance  upon  any  dental  college 
in  this  State  from  ji«B£tising  dentistry  under  the  direct  supervi- 
sion of  one  of  its  teachers  in  the  regular  infirmary  of  such  college. 

On  the  trial  of  any  person  charged  with  violation  of  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  Act,  it  shall  be  incumbent  on  the  defendant 
to  show  that  he  has  authority  under  the  law  to  practise  this  speci- 
alty in  this  State  in  order  to  relieve  himself  from  the  penalties 
herein  prescribed. 

Any  commissioner  of  the  revenue  who  shall,  in  violation  of 
section  one,  issue  a  license  to  any  person  not  authorized  to  prac- 
tice this  specialty  by  this  Act,  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof,  be 
fined  not  less  than  twenty  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars,  and 
no  license  issued  by  any  commissioner  in  violation  of  this  Act 
shall  be  valid. 

2.  From  and  after  January  1,  nineteen  hundred  and  fourteen, 
anno  domini,  the  practice  of  this  specialty  in  this  State  shall  be 
a  branch  or  specialty  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  no  person, 
after  this  Act  goes  into  effect,  shall  be  given  the  examination  or 
a  certificate  required  by  section  four  of  this  Act  unless  he  shall 
first  show  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  examining  board  provided  by 
law  for  applicants  to  practice  medicine  or  surgery,  and  has  re- 
ceived from  the  Virginia  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  the 
certificate  thereof  as  required  by  law  to  be  given  by  them  to  such 
applicants. 

3.  There  shall  be  for  the  commonwealth  of  Virginia  a  board 
of  dental  examiners  consisting  of  three  practitioners  of  dentistry 
of  acknowledged  ability  in  the  profession,  to  be  appointed  by  the 


I)  K  N  T  A  i-      I,  A  \Y  s      C  O  N  DE  N  S  I    0.  1 43 

Governor  upon  recommendation  of  the  Virginia  State  Dental 
Association.  Snch  examiners  shall  hold  office  for  a  term  of  three 
years. 

The  board  shall  continue  to  be  divided  into  three  classes  with 
one  member  each,  one  of  which  classes  shall  go  out  of  office  each 
succeeding  year.  And  the  Governor  shall  annually  appoint  the 
successors  of  each  class,  as  it  goes  out  of  office,  for  the  term  of 
three  years.  He  shall  make  the  appointments  in  each  case  from 
two  persons  who  shall  be  nominated  by  the  Virginia  State  Dental 
Association  and  reside  in  different  sections  of  the  Stale. 

All  vacancies  for  unexpired  terms  shall  be  filled  by  the  Gov- 
ernor on  nominations  made  by  the  board.  If  no  such  nomination 
be  made,  the  Governor  may  appoint  such  persons  as  he  may  deem 
tit. 

4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  this  board  to  meet  annually  at  a 
time  and  place  of  meeting  of  the  Virginia  Dental  Association, 
or  at  such  time  and  place  as  the  board  may  agree  upon,  to  con- 
duct the  examination  of  the  applicants.  They  may  also  meet 
for  the  same  purpose  at  the  call  of  two  members  of  the  board 
at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be  designated  by  them.  Thirty- 
days'  notice  of  the  meetings  shall  be  given  by  advertising  in  at 
least  two  of  the  daily  papers  published  in  the  State.  It  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  said  board  to  grant  a  certificate  to  practise  this 
specialty  to  all  applicants  who  undergo  the  State  examination 
and  receive  at  least  two  votes,  which  certificates  shall  be  signed 
by  the  members  of  the  board  and  be  stamped  with  a  suitable  seal. 
It  shall  further  be  the  duty  of  such  board  to  register  the  name 
and  qualification,  as  far  as  practicable,  of  every  person  to  whom 
such  certificate  is  granted  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for  such  purposes. 

5.  Any  member  of  the  board  may,  upon  presentation  by 
any  applicant  of  the  evidence  of  the  necessary  qualifications  to 
practise  this  specialty  under  this  act,  grant  a  temporary  license 
to  practise  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  board  and  no  longer; 
provided  that  not  such  temporary  license  shall  be  granted  to  any 
person  who  has  not  passed  the  examination  and  obtained  the 
certificate  of  the  Virginia  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners. 

6.  The  book  provided  for  by  section  four  shall  be  a  book 
of  record,  and  transcripts  from  it  certified  by  the  officer  who 
has  it  in  keeping,  with  the  seal  of  the  board  affixed,  shall  be 
evidence  in  any  court  of  the  State. 

7.  Every  person  practicing  this  specialty  in  the  common- 
wealth of  Virginia  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  Act  shall 
annually  register  his  name  and  post-office  with  the  Board  of 
Examiners  before  renewing  his  license,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  board  to  issue  to  each  person  so  registered  a  certificate  of 
registration  stamped  with  the  seal  of  the  board  and  signed  by 


144  DENTAL     LAWS     CONDENSED. 

its  secretary.  Such  person  so  registered  may  continue  such 
practice  without  incurring  any  of  the  liabilities  imposed  by  this 
chapter  by  annually  causing  his  name  and  residence  or  place  of 
business  to  be  registered  by  such  board,  who  shall  keep  a  book 
for  that  purpose.  Such  registration  may  be  made  by  furnishing 
proof  of  the  fact  of  being  then  so  engaged  in  the  manner  pre- 
scribed by  law.  All  persons  holding  a  certificate  of  ability  from 
said  board  shall  annually  register  in  like  manner.  A  certified  list 
of  the  persons  registered  from  each  city  or  county  shall  be  furn- 
ished the  clerk  thereof,  except  that  in  the  city  of  Richmond  such 
list  shall  be  furnished  the  clerk  of  the  Chancery  Court  of  said 
city,  and  each  name  on  such  list  shall  be  at  once  recorded  by  such 
clerk  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose,  for  which  he  shall 
receive  a  fee  of  fifty  cents  for  each  certificate  of  the  person  so 
recorded,  to  be  paid  by  said  board.  Every  person  who  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act  was  duly  authorized  by  said  board  to  prac- 
tise this  specialty  in  this  State,  and  whose  certificate  is  duly 
registered  and  recorded  as  herein  prescribed,  shall  be  allowed  to 
continue  to  so  practise.  But  no  license  to  practise  this  specialty 
shall  be  issued  by  any  commissioner  of  the  revenue  to  any  person 
whose  name  is  not  so  recorded  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  city 
or  county  as  herein  prescribed,  and  any  person  who  shall  engage 
in  the  practise  of  this  specialty  and  fail  to  register  with  the  board 
as  herein  prescribed,  shall,  after  ninety  days'  notice  in  writing 
from  said  board  of  such  neglect,  be  liable  to  the  penalties  pre- 
scribed in  this  Act. 

8.  Fees  from  applicants  and  registration. — Said  board  shall 
charge  each  person  who  appears  before  them  for  examination  a 
fee  of  two  dollars  for  each  examination,  and  shall  charge  for 
each  person  registering  one  dollar.  From  the  funds  received  all 
proper  and  reasonable  expenses  of  the  board  and  each  of  its 
members,  incurred  in  carrying  out  and  maintaining  and  enforc- 
ing the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  must  be  paid.  No  part  of 
such  expense  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  State  treasury.  Any  excess 
of  receipts  over  disbursements  shall  be  paid  by  the  board  to  meet 
future  expenses  of  the  board  and  members.  The  secretary  of  the 
board  shall  have  custody  of  its  funds  and  may  be  required  to  give 
bond  in  such  terms  as  the  board  may  direct.  An  itemized  report 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  board,  containing  an  account  of  all 
moneys  received  and  disbursed,  pursuant  to  this  chapter,  shall  be 
made  to  the  Governor  on  the  first  day  of  February  of  each  year. 

9.  This  Act  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  the  first  day 
of  January,  nineteen  hundred  and  fourteen,  anno  domini. 

10.  All  Acts  or  parts  of  Acts  inconsistent  with  the  provisions 
•of  this  Act  are  hereby  repealed. 


\   i    \  i      LAWS     CONDENSED,  145 

DENTAL   LAW   OF  WISCONSIN. 
Enacted    1909. 


Section  1.  Section  1410b.  of  the  statutes,  1-  repealed. 

Sec.  2.  Sections  1410c.  14101"  and  i4iog,  of  the  statutes,  are 
amended  to  road.  Section  [410c  1.  The  State  Board  of  Dental 
Examiners,  as  heretofore  constituted,  is  *  *  *  continued.  Ii 
shall  consist  of  five  practicing  dentists,  at  least  three  of  whom 
Shall  be  members  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Dental  Society.  The 
members  of  such  board  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  for 
the  term  of  five  years  and  until  their  successors  are  appointed, 
and  any  such  appointee  may  be  selected  by  the  Governor  from 
among  such  persons  as  may  be  recommended  to  him  therefor  by 
the  Wisconsin  State  Dental  Society.  Vacancies  shall  be  filled 
by  the  Governor  for  the  unexpired  portion  of  the  term.  It  shall 
be  the  duty  of  said  board  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  chapter. 
Each  member  shall  before  entering  upon  the  duties  of 
his  office  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  prescribed  by  law  to  be 
taken  by  other  officers  appointed  in  like  manner. 

(3).  Xo  person  shall  be  eligible  to  appointment  on  said 
board  who  is  in  any  way  connected  with  or  interested  in  any  den- 
tal college  or  dental  department  of  any  institution  of  learning. 

Sec.  i4iof.  The  officers  of  the  board  shall  be  a  president  and 
a  secretary,  who  shall  be  chosen  from  the  members  thereof  in 
such  manner  and  for  such  terms  as  may  be  provided  by  the  by- 
laws. One  meeting  of  the  board  shall  be  held  in  the  month  of 
June  in  each  year  and  at  such  place  as  may  be  fixed  *  *  *  by 
the  board  for  examining  and  licensing  persons  to  practise  den- 
tistry in  this  State  and  transacting  such  other  business  as  may  be 
necessary.  Other  meetings  may  be  called  as  often  as  the  board 
may  deem  it  advisable.  A  majority  of  the  members  shall  consti- 
tute a  quorum.  The  secretary's  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
board  shall  be  open  to  public  inspection  at  all  reasonable  times. 

Sec.  i4iog.  Every  person  who  was  engaged  in  the  lawful 
practice  of  dentistry  in  this  State  on  the  thirtieth  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1885.  may  continue  such  practice  without  incurring  any  of 
the  liabilities  imposed  by  this  chapter,  by  annually  causing  his 
name  and  residence  *  *  *  and  place  of  business  to  be  regis- 
tered by  said  board,  who  shall  keep  a  book  for  that  purpose.  Such 
registration  may  be  made  by  furnishing  proof  of  the  fact  of  being 
then  so  engaged  ami  paying  a  fee  of  one  dollar.  All  person- 
licensed  by  the  board  shall  annually  register  in  like  manner. 
*  Every  person  who,  prior  to  the  passage  and  publication 
of  this  act,  was  duly  licensed  by  the  board  to  practise  dentistry 
in  this  State,  and  wdio  has  annually  registered  according  to  law, 
shall  be  allowed  to  continue  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State, 


I46  DENTAL   LAWS   CONDENSED. 

so  long  as  he  shall  conform  to  the  requirements  of  *  *  *  this 
chapter  *  *  *,  and  said  board  shall  have  power  to  revoke  the 
license  of  any  person  who  has  failed  or  may  hereafter  fail,  to 
annually  register  as  herein  provided,  if.  for  ninety  days  after 
notice  in  writing"  from  said  board  of  such  neglect,  such  person 
shall  fail  to  so  register. 

Sec.  3.  There  is  added  to  the  statutes  a  new  section  to  be 
numbered  Section  iziioh  to  read:  Sec.  1410I1.  1.  After  the  year 
191 1  no  person  shall  be  examined  by  the  board  for  a  license  to 
practise  dentistry  in  this. State  who  shall  not  file  with  the  sec- 
retary of  the  board  credentials  showing  that  he  has  a  general 
education  equivalent  to  that  required  for  graduation  from  a  high 
school  or  academy  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin  having  a  four-year 
course  beyond  that  of  the  elementary  school,  and  who  is  not  a 
regular  graduate  of  a  reputable  dental  college  or  dental  depart- 
ment of  a  university,  provided,  however,  that  the  privileges  of 
such  examination  are  not  denied  an  applicant  therefor  who  holds 
a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  some  other  State. 

(4).  The  State  Board  may,  without  examination,  issue  a 
license  to  any  applicant  therefor  who  shall  furnish  satisfactory 
proof,  said  proof  must  be  deposited  in  person  with  the  secretary 
of  the  State  Board  of  Dental  Examiners  of  this  State  that  he  has 
been  duly  licensed  to  practise  dentistry  in  some  State  other  than 
Wisconsin,  and  that  he  has  been  lawfully  and  reputably  engaged 
in  said  practice  for  five  years  next  preceding  his  application,  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  State  recommending  such  applicant  re- 
quires a  preliminary  education  required  in  this  State,  and  pro- 
vided the  State  in  which  he  lives  extends  to  the  dentists  of  this 
State,  who  may  remove  to  said  State,  a  similar  privilege  of  prac- 
ticing without  examination  ;  provided,  however,  that  if  a  dentist 
who  is  licensed  to  practice  in  this  State  removes  to  another  State 
and  engages  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  there,  he  shall  have  his 
name  carried  on  the  list  of  dentists  of  this  State  upon  the  pay- 
ment of  the  annual  registration  fee  while  out  of  this  State.  The 
fee  for  such  license  shall  be  twenty-five  dollars. 

See.  4.  Sees.  i4ioi  and  1410J  of  the  statutes,  are  amended  io 
read :  See.  i4ioi.  Any  person  who  shall  practise  dentistry  in 
this  State,  without  being  annually  registered  or  without  being 
licensed  as  herein  provided,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less 
than  ten  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hundred  for  each  and  every 
offense ;  each  patient  treated  shall  be  a  separate  offense ;  pro- 
vided, that  this  chapter  shall  not  be  construed  so  to  prevent  any 
duly  licensed  physician  or  surgeon  residing  in  this  State,  *  *  * 
from  extracting  teeth  or  performing  any  operation  upon  the  pal- 
ate or  maxillary  bones. 


DENTAL      LAWS     CONDSNSS  D.  I47 

A  person  shall  be  deemed  to  be  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
dentistry  within  the  meaning  <>i  this  act  who  shall  treat  disc 

or  lesions  of  the  human  teeth  or  jaws  or  perform  operations  of 
any  kind  thereon,  or  *  *  *  insert  any  artificial  teeth,  fixtures 
or  appliances  for  the  restoration,  regulation  or  improvement  of 
the  dental  organs. 

But  nothing  in  this  acl  contained  shall  he  construed  *  *  * 
to  prevent  a  bona  fide  student,  in  regular  attendance  upon  any 
dental  college  in  this  State-  from  practising  dentistry,  under  the 
direct  supervision  of  one  of  *  *  *  his  teachers,  in  the  regu- 
lar infirmary  of  such  college. 

Sec.  [410J.  Said  hoard  may  charge  each  person  applying  for 
a  license  to  practise  dentistry  in  this  State,  whether  such  appli- 
cant he  examined  or  not.  a  fee  of  *  *  *  twenty-five  dollars, 
which,  in  no  ease,  shall  he  returnahle,  unless  from  sickness  or 
some  other  good  cause  such  applicant  was  prevented  from  attend- 
ing and  completing  such  examination.  *  *  *  Out  of  the 
funds  coming  into  the  possession  of  the  board  under  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act,  the  members  of  the  board  shall  each  receive  as 
compensation  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  for  each  day  actually  en- 
gaged in  the  duties  of  the  office,  and  all  legitimate  and  necessary 
expenses  incurred  in  attending  the  meetings  of  the  board.  The 
secretary  of  the  board  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  to  be  fixed 
by  the  board.  The  secretary  of  the  board  shall  have  custody  of 
its  funds  and  *  *  *  shall  be  required  to  give  a  bond  in  such 
terms  as  the  board  may  *  *  *  require.  An  annual  report  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  board,  containing  an  account  of  all  moneys 
received  and  disbursed,  pursuant  to  this  chapter  shall  be  made 
to  the  Governor  on  the  thirtieth  day  of     *     *     *     November. 

Sec.  5.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and 
after  its  passage  and  publication. 


. .  *i  '•■ 


